摘要

       先前的研究显示，剖腹产和自然阴道分娩婴儿的微生物组分存在显著差异。然而，出生后第一天分娩方式的重要性仍不清楚。重要的是，这一阶段受婴儿喂养的影响最小。在这里，我们使用一种亚基因组测序技术，对包括体外受精（IVF）新生儿在内的一批阴道分娩和剖腹产婴儿的粪便中的胎粪微生物组进行了特征分析。阴道分娩婴儿胎粪微生物多样性高于剖腹产婴儿。阴道分娩的婴儿中丙酸杆菌种类最多，而剖腹产组地衣芽孢杆菌含量较高。剖腹产的两个IVF新生儿在分类组成上具有与阴道微生物相似的微生物群落。剖腹产组的代谢功能受优势组（地衣芽孢杆菌）的影响较大，而阴道组更为均一，代谢以多种微生物为主。此外，不同的分娩方式影响了抗生素耐药基因（ARG）的流行。这些发现为制定指导健康分娩方式和促进健康微生物群形成的策略提供了新的信息。

       Previous studies have revealed significant differences in microbiome compositions between infants delivered via cesarean section (C-section) and natural vaginal birth. However, the importance of the delivery mode in the first days of life remains unclear. Importantly, this stage is minimally affected by infant feeding. Here, we used a metagenomic sequencing technique to characterize the meconium microbiome from the feces of a Chinese cohort of vaginally and C-section-delivered infants, including in vitro fertilization (IVF) newborns, during the first 24 h after birth. Meconium microbiome diversity was higher in vaginally delivered infants than that in C-section-delivered infants. Propionibacterium species were most abundant in the vaginally delivered infants, whereas the C-section group had high levels of Bacillus licheniformis. The two IVF newborns delivered by C-section harbored microbial communities similar to the vaginal microbiome in terms of taxonomic composition. Metabolic functions of the C-section group suffered more from the influence of the dominant group (B. licheniformis), whereas the vaginal group was more homogeneous, with a metabolism dominated by multi-microbes. Moreover, different modes of delivery affected the antibiotic resistance gene (ARG) prevalence. These findings provide novel information for the development of strategies to guide a healthy mode of delivery and promote the formation of healthy microbiota.

       https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5818670/