摘要

       现代世界抗生素耐药性的普遍存在引起了全球对公共卫生的关注。建立抗生素使用与抗生素耐药基因（ARGs）之间的关系对于了解ARGs在人类感染环境中的传播和积累至关重要。在这项研究中，用亚基因组方法分析了牛蛙养殖场沉积物中的ARG谱，其中青霉素和阿莫西林（β-内酰胺类）和庆大霉素（氨基糖苷类）用于预防。对细胞外和细胞内DNA（eDNA和iDNA）的分析表明，使用上述抗生素导致精氨酸的复合污染不仅与β-内酰胺和氨基糖苷有关，还与磺胺类、四环素类和大环内酯类有关。牛蛙养殖场沉积物中的大部分arg可能由质粒携带。精氨酸相关质粒的总丰度与携带精氨酸的质粒的总丰度显著相关。牛蛙养殖场沉积物中可能存在的质粒中，约85%含有至少3种ARG亚型，这赋予了细菌宿主对不同抗生素种类的耐药性。我们的结果表明，抗生素可能导致与给药无关的精氨酸的复杂污染，因为精氨酸在质粒中同时存在。

        The prevalence of antibiotic resistance in the modern world has raised global concerns for public health. Establishing relationships between antibiotic use and antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) is essential to understanding the dissemination and accumulation of ARGs in a human-impacted environment. In this study, ARG profiles in the sediments from a bullfrog farm, where penicillin and amoxicillin (beta-lactams) and gentamicin (aminoglycoside) were used for prophylactic purposes, were analyzed using metagenomic approaches. Analysis of both extracellular and intracellular DNA (eDNA and iDNA) demonstrated that use of the above-mentioned antibiotics led to complex pollution of ARGs not only related to beta-lactams and aminoglycoside but also to sulfonamides, tetracyclines, and macrolides. Most of the ARGs in the sediments from the bullfrog farm were likely carried by plasmids. A significant correlation was observed between the total abundance of ARG-related plasmids and that of plasmid-carrying ARGs. Approximately 85% of the plasmids likely present in the sediment from the bullfrog farm possessed at least 3 ARG subtypes, which conferred the resistance of bacterial hosts to different antibiotic categories. Our results suggest that antibiotics could lead to complex pollution of ARGs unrelated to those administered due to the concurrence of ARGs in the plasmids.

         https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0043135418301027?via%3Dihub