摘要

       为了解猪场抗生素残留污染对附近地下水环境的影响，对华北地区进行了调查。选取北京、河北、天津等地9个试验点，采用液相色谱法对11种常用抗生素（四环素类、氟喹诺酮类、磺胺类、大环内酯类、芬尼考类）的残留进行了分析。三种最常见的抗生素是TCs、FQNs和SAs，废水样品中的平均浓度分别为416.4、228.8和442.4μg L-1；猪场地下水样品中的平均浓度分别为19.9、11.8和0.3μg L-1；村庄地下水样品中的平均浓度分别为29.7、14.0和0μg L-1。排序分析表明，猪场和村庄地下水中抗生素和抗生素耐药基因（AGRs）的组成和分布相似。FQNs和TCs在高浓度下沿污水-地下水的路径发生，并与ARGs呈相关性，FQN抗性基因（qnrA）拷贝数呈强相关性。农村污水和地下水中的FQN浓度（P <0.01）也较高（P <0.01）。因此，通过废水从猪饲养场排出的抗生素会随着ARG的发生（即qnrA、sulI、sulI i、tetG、tetM和tetO）一起传播到周围的地下水环境中。总的来说，本研究建议应高度重视和控制兽医抗生素从猪场向地下水环境的传播，限制过量使用抗生素或改善粪便管理技术。

        A survey was conducted in regions of North China to better understand the effect of antibiotic residue pollution from swine feedlots to nearby groundwater environment. A total of nine experimental sites located in the regions of Beijing, Hebei, and Tianjin were selected to analyze the presence of residues of 11 most commonly used antibiotics, including tetracyclines (TCs), fluoroquinolones (FQNs), sulfonamides (SAs), macrolides, and fenicols, by using liquid chromatography spectrometry. The three most common antibiotics were TCs, FQNs, and SAs, with mean concentrations of 416.4, 228.8, and 442.4 μg L^-1 in wastewater samples; 19.9, 11.8, and 0.3 μg L^-1 in groundwater samples from swine feedlots; and 29.7, 14.0, and 0 μg L^-1 in groundwater samples from villages. Ordination analysis revealed that the composition and distribution of antibiotics and antibiotic resistance genes (AGRs) were similar in groundwater samples from swine feedlots and villages. FQNs and TCs occurred along the path from wastewater to groundwater at high concentrations and showed correlations with ARGs, with a strong correlation between FQN resistance gene (qnrA) copy number. FQN concentration was also found (P < 0.01) in wastewater and groundwater in villages (P < 0.01). Therefore, antibiotics discharged from swine feedlots through wastewater could disseminate into surrounding groundwater environments together with ARG occurrence (i.e., qnrA, sulI, sulII, tetG, tetM, and tetO). Overall, this study suggests that the spread of veterinary antibiotics from swine feedlots to groundwater environments should be highly attended and controlled by restricting excess antibiotic usage or improving the technology of manure management.

        https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29427277