摘要

       抗生素耐药性是一种日益重要的环境污染物，直接影响人类健康。抗生素耐药基因（ARGs）的环境来源的鉴定，使人们能够跟踪其进化，防止其进入临床环境。ARGs已经在环境源中被发现，这些外源基因可以从家畜转移到人类身上。由于农业的性质和反刍动物的食物屠宰，人类与这些动物的互动非常接近，因此考虑对人类健康的风险是很重要的。在这项研究中，我们描述了绵羊瘤胃中的ARG种群，称为抵抗性。这是通过使用综合抗生素抗性数据库（CARD）来确定瘤胃内是否存在导致抗生素抗性的基因。基因被成功地定位到那些对30种不同抗生素产生耐药性的基因上。达托霉素是目前最常见的抗药性抗生素，提示反刍动物可能是达托霉素ARGs的来源之一。由pmrE基因所赋予的大肠杆菌素抗性，在所有样本中也被发现，平均丰度为800个计数。由于某些精氨酸（抗达托霉素）的高丰度和稀有精氨酸（抗大肠杆菌素）的存在，我们建议进一步研究和监测作为临床相关精氨酸的可能来源的瘤胃抵抗性。

        Antibiotic resistance is an increasingly important environmental pollutant with direct consequences for human health. Identification of environmental sources of antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) makes it possible to follow their evolution and prevent their entry into the clinical setting. ARGs have been found in environmental sources exogenous to the original source and previous studies have shown that these genes are capable of being transferred from livestock to humans. Due to the nature of farming and the slaughter of ruminants for food, humans interact with these animals in close proximity, and for this reason it is important to consider the risks to human health. In this study, we characterised the ARG populations in the ovine rumen, termed the resistome. This was done using the Comprehensive Antibiotic Resistance Database (CARD) to identify the presence of genes conferring resistance to antibiotics within the rumen. Genes were successfully mapped to those that confer resistance to a total of 30 different antibiotics. Daptomycin was identified as the most common antibiotic for which resistance is present, suggesting that ruminants may be a source of daptomycin ARGs. Colistin resistance, conferred by the gene pmrE, was also found to be present within all samples, with an average abundance of 800 counts. Due to the high abundance of some ARGs (against daptomycin) and the presence of rare ARGs (against colistin), we suggest further study and monitoring of the rumen resistome as a possible source of clinically relevant ARGs.

        https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0269749117334243?via%3Dihub