摘要

        堆肥是将有机废物转化为肥料的有效途径。然而，废物中往往含有大量的抗生素耐药基因（ARGs）和可移动基因元件（MGEs），这些基因在传播给人类时会降低抗生素治疗的效果。由于传统堆肥法往往无法去除这些化合物，因此我们评估高温高温堆肥法是否能更有效地去除ARGs和MGEs，并探讨了两种堆肥法去除ARG的潜在机理。我们发现高温堆肥比常规堆肥（分别为89%和49%）更有效地去除ARGs和MGEs。此外，与常规堆肥相比，高温堆肥中ARGs和MGEs的半衰期较低（分别为67%和58%）。更有效地去除ARGs和MGEs与更高的细菌丰度和潜在ARG宿主多样性降低相关。偏最小二乘路径模拟表明，MGEs的还原在高温堆肥过程中对ARG的去除起着关键作用，而ARG的还原主要是由常规堆肥过程中细菌群落组成的变化驱动的。这些结果表明，高温堆肥能显著提高ARGs和MGE的去除率，并且ARG和MGE的去除机理取决于堆肥温度。

        Composting is an efficient way to convert organic waste into fertilizers. However, waste materials often contain large amounts of antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) and mobile genetic elements (MGEs) that can reduce the efficacy of antibiotic treatments when transmitted to humans. Because conventional composting often fails to remove these compounds, we evaluated if hyperthermophilic composting with elevated temperature is more efficient at removing ARGs and MGEs and explored the underlying mechanisms of ARG removal of the two composting methods. We found that hyperthermophilic composting removed ARGs and MGEs more efficiently than conventional composting (89% and 49%, respectively). Furthermore, the half-lives of ARGs and MGEs were lower in hyperthermophilic compositing compared to conventional composting (67% and 58%, respectively). More-efficient removal of ARGs and MGEs was associated with a higher reduction in bacterial abundance and diversity of potential ARG hosts. Partial least-squares path modeling suggested that reduction of MGEs played a key role in ARG removal in hyperthermophilic composting, while ARG reduction was mainly driven by changes in bacterial community composition under conventional composting. Together these results suggest that hyperthermophilic composting can significantly enhance the removal of ARGs and MGEs and that the mechanisms of ARG and MGE removal can depend on composting temperature.

         https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/acs.est.7b04483