摘要

        人类肠道菌群是一个重要的抗生素耐药基因库。采用亚基因组学方法和网络分析方法，建立了一个完整的抗药性目录，并获得了11个国家180名健康人粪便中ARGs与微生物类群的共现模式。共检测到20个ARG类型507个ARG亚型，其含量范围为ARG的7.12×10-7～2.72×10-1拷贝/16srrna基因拷贝。四环素、多药、大环内酯类、链霉素、杆菌肽、万古霉素、β-内酰胺和氨基糖苷类耐药基因是ARG最丰富的前7类。多药ABC转运体、aadE、bacA、acrB、tetM、tetW、vanR和vanS共有180个个体，提示它们在人类肠道中常见。与其他10个国家的人口相比，中国人口拥有最丰富的精氨酸。LEfSe分析表明，MLS抗性类型及其亚型ermF是中国人群中具有代表性的ARGs。抗生素灭活、抗生素靶点改变和抗生素外排是所有人群的主要耐药机制。Procrustes分析显示微生物系统发育构成了抗生素抗性。通过网络分析得到的共现模式表明，12种可能是58个ARG亚型的潜在宿主。

        The human gut microbiota is an important reservoir of antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs). A metagenomic approach and network analysis were used to establish a comprehensive antibiotic resistome catalog and to obtain co-occurrence patterns between ARGs and microbial taxa in fecal samples from 180 healthy individuals from 11 different countries. In total, 507 ARG subtypes belonging to 20 ARG types were detected with abundances ranging from 7.12 × 10^-7 to 2.72 × 10^-1 copy of ARG/copy of 16S-rRNA gene. Tetracycline, multidrug, macrolide-lincosamide-streptogramin, bacitracin, vancomycin, beta-lactam and aminoglycoside resistance genes were the top seven most abundant ARG types. The multidrug ABC transporter, aadE, bacA, acrB, tetM, tetW, vanR and vanS were shared by all 180 individuals, suggesting their common occurrence in the human gut. Compared to populations from the other 10 countries, the Chinese population harboured the most abundant ARGs. Moreover, LEfSe analysis suggested that the MLS resistance type and its subtype 'ermF' were representative ARGs of the Chinese population. Antibiotic inactivation, antibiotic target alteration and antibiotic efflux were the dominant resistance mechanism categories in all populations. Procrustes analysis revealed that microbial phylogeny structured the antibiotic resistome. Co-occurrence patterns obtained via network analysis implied that 12 species might be potential hosts of 58 ARG subtypes.

         https://sfamjournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1111/1462-2920.14009