摘要

       温室土壤中抗生素和微塑料混合污染的出现，使控制抗生素耐药基因（ARG）的传播成为一个新的挑战。本研究采用表面活性剂槐脂在温室土壤中增强四环素（TC）和tet基因在微塑料存在下的耗散。在49天的培养过程中，土壤细菌和噬菌体都被发现是ARGs的重要宿主。同时，微塑性的存在显著抑制了土壤中TC和ARGs的消散。然而，槐脂的施用被证明超过了微塑性存在所带来的负面影响，并导致土壤中TC和ARGs的最大耗散。水溶性和交换性TC的消散速率与细菌/噬菌体共介导的ARG水平呈显著正相关。这也适用于土壤TC的两个部分和细菌中ARG水平与噬菌体中ARG水平的比值（BARGs/PARGs）。本研究发现，微塑性存在和槐脂对TC/ARG耗散的相反影响，为了解混合污染温室土壤中细菌与噬菌体之间ARG的传递提供了新的信息。

        The emerging mixed contamination of antibiotics and microplastics in greenhouse soil has made the control of antibiotic resistant gene (ARG) transmission a novel challenge. In this work, surfactant sophorolipid was applied to enhance the dissipation of tetracycline (TC) and tet genes in the presence of microplastics in greenhouse soil. During 49days of incubation, soil bacteria and phages were both found to be the crucial reservoirs of ARGs. Meanwhile, microplastic's presence significantly inhibited the dissipation of TC and ARGs in the soil. However, sophorolipid application was proved to outweigh the negative impact caused by microplastic existence, and lead to the highest dissipation of soil TC and ARGs. Significant positive correlation was detected between the dissipation rate of water-soluble and exchangeable TC content and bacteria/phage co-mediated ARG levels. This also held true between the two fractions of soil TC and the ratio of ARG level in the bacteria to that in the phages (B_ARGs/P_ARGs). The opposite impacts of microplastic presence and sophorolipid amendment on the TC/ARG dissipation found in this work provides new information for understanding ARG transmission between bacteria and phages in the mixed contaminated greenhouse soil.

        https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0304-3894(17)30858-0