摘要

       采用聚偏氟乙烯（PVDF）微滤膜装置对厌氧膜生物反应器进行了改造，每个单元都受到不同程度的污染。研究了不同污染程度的膜对3种耐药菌（blaNDM-1阳性大肠杆菌PI-7、blaCTX-M-15阳性肺炎克雷伯菌L7和blaOXA-48阳性大肠杆菌UPEC-RIY-4）及其相关质粒耐药基因的去除效果（参数）。结果表明，ARGs的对数去除率（LRVs）与膜污染程度呈正相关，范围为1.9～3.9。具有最小污染层的新膜可以去除超过5个对数单位的ARB。然而，随着膜的发展到亚临界污染，ARB的LRVs随操作跨膜压力（TMPs）的增加而降低。当膜污染严重时，LRV恢复到5，并且在不同的操作tmp下，所获得的LRV保持稳定。此外，表面特性将ARB和ARGs的去除归因于吸附作用，这是由于膜污染时疏水性增加和表面ζ电位降低所促进的。结果表明，TMP和污染层对ARB的去除有协同作用，但污染层是影响ARB去除的主要因素。

        An anaerobic membrane bioreactor was retrofitted with polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) microfiltration membrane units, each of which was fouled to a different extent. The membranes with different degrees of fouling were evaluated for their efficiencies in removing three antibiotic-resistant bacteria (ARB), namely, bla_NDM-1-positive Escherichia coli PI-7, bla_CTX-M-15-positive Klebsiella pneumoniae L7, and bla_OXA-48-positive E. coli UPEC-RIY-4, as well as their associated plasmid-borne antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs). The results showed that the log removal values (LRVs) of ARGs correlated positively with the extent of membrane fouling and ranged from 1.9 to 3.9. New membranes with a minimal foulant layer could remove more than 5 log units of ARB. However, as the membranes progressed to subcritical fouling, the LRVs of ARB decreased at increasing operating transmembrane pressures (TMPs). The LRV recovered back to 5 when the membrane was critically fouled, and the achieved LRV remained stable at different operating TMPs. Furthermore, characterization of the surface attributed the removal of both the ARB and ARGs to adsorption, which was facilitated by an increasing hydrophobicity and a decreasing surface ζ potential as the membranes fouled. Our results indicate that both the TMP and the foulant layer synergistically affected ARB removal, but the foulant layer was the main factor that contributed to ARG removal.

        https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/acs.est.7b03798