摘要

       目前，由于人类抗生素的滥用和有关部门对污水排放和粪便管理的监管不力，抗生素耐药基因（ARGs）已成为一种新型的环境污染物。同时对鄱阳湖、海河和青岛第一海水浴场三个不同的自然水体进行了纵向分布比较。研究了20个物种中11种ARGs的分布和表达，并分析了它们在不同水体中的表达与时空分布的关系。除ermA、blaNDM-1和vanA在海水中均未检测到外，其余的ARGs均能在三个水体中检测到。海水和海河中四环素抗性基因（tetC、tetM和tetQ）甚至达到100%，海水和鄱阳湖中的磺胺ARGs（sul1和sul2）以及海河中的sul2和sul3也达到100%。由于20种ARG中有14种和17种明显高于海水和鄱阳湖，海河ARG污染更为严重。一些arg的绝对丰度也很高。海水中大环内酯类耐药基因（ermB）的绝对丰度高达8.61×107拷贝/L，海河流域抗结核基因（rpoB和katG）的绝对丰度分别为1.32×106拷贝/L和1.06×107拷贝/L。这表明arg在天然水体中逐渐变得更加多样和广泛。对三个水体的冗余度分析结果表明，虽然每个水体在空间和时间上都受到不同因素的影响，但总的来说，AGRs的存在与人类的生产生活和动物的迁徙密切相关。

        Currently, due to abuse in the use of human antibiotics and the weak regulatory control that the authorities have over sewage discharge and manure management, antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) have become a new type of environmental pollutant. Three different natural water bodies (Poyang Lake, Haihe River and Qingdao No.1 Bathing Beach seawater) were sampled during the same periods to conduct a longitudinal comparison of distribution. The distribution and expression of 11 ARGs in 20 species were studied, and the correlations between the expression and the distribution of time and space of the ARGs in different water bodies were also analyzed. With the exception of ermA, blaNDM-1 and vanA, which were not detected in seawater, the other ARGs could be detected in all three water bodies. Tetracycline resistance genes (tetC, tetM and tetQ) in the seawater and Haihe River had even reached 100%, and sulfa ARGs (sul1 and sul2) in the seawater and Poyang Lake, as well as sul2 and sul3 in the Haihe River, had also reached 100%. The ARG pollution in Haihe River was much more serious, since 14 and 17 of 20 ARG species were significantly higher compared with seawater and Poyang Lake, respectively. Some ARGs also had a high absolute abundance. The absolute abundance of macrolide resistance genes (ermB) in seawater was as high as 8.61 × 10⁷ copies/L, and the anti-tuberculosis resistant genes (rpoB and katG) in the Haihe River Basin were highly abundant at 1.32 × 10⁶ copies/L and 1.06 × 10⁷ copies/L, respectively. This indicates that ARGs have gradually become more diverse and extensive in natural water bodies. The results of a redundancy analysis (RDA) of the three water bodies showed that although each water body is affected by different factors in space and time, overall, the presence of AGRs is closely related to the production and life of human beings and the migration of animals.

        https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7014431/