摘要

       人类肠道菌群是一个重要的抗生素耐药基因库。尽管之前在患者肠道中观察到抗生素疗程后的菌群失调，但对健康人和接受抗生素治疗的患者的肠道抵抗力、微生物群和抗生素残留的综合比较很少。采用高通量qPCR、16srrna基因扩增子测序和UPLC-MS/MS技术，系统检测了中国健康人和接受抗生素治疗的患者粪便中的抗生素耐药性、肠道菌群和抗生素残留。与健康人相比，患者肠道具有较低的多样性肠道阻力和微生物群，但抗生素和精氨酸的浓度较高。人体肠道内抗生素浓度与ARG总量呈正相关，与ARGs和细菌群落多样性呈负相关，说明抗生素的使用可以塑造患者肠道内的抗生素抗性和细菌群落。cfxA基因检测范围广，在人体肠道中含量丰富，被认为是区分我国接受抗生素治疗的患者与健康人的潜在生物标志物。人类肠道中某些兽药抗生素的检测表明，抗生素可能通过食物链从外部环境传播给人类。研究结果有助于更好地了解抗生素治疗对中国人抗生素再生产和菌群形成的影响。

       Human gut microbiota is an important reservoir of antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs). Although dysbacteriosis after the antibiotic course has been previously observed in the patient guts, a comprehensive comparison of gut resistomes, microbiota and antibiotic residues in healthy individuals and patients undergoing antibiotic administration is little. Using high-throughput qPCR, 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing and UPLC-MS/MS, we systematically examined the antibiotic resistome, gut microbiota, and antibiotic residues in fecal samples from both Chinese healthy individuals and patients receiving antibiotic therapy. Compared with healthy individuals, patients' guts harbored lower diverse gut resistome and microbiota, but higher concentrations of antibiotics and ARGs. Antibiotic concentration in human guts was positively correlated with ARG total abundance, but was negatively related to the diversity of both ARGs and bacterial communities, which demonstrated that antibiotic administration could shape the antibiotic resistomes and bacterial communities in the patient guts. Gene cfxA was evaluated as a potential biomarker to distinguish the patients receiving antibiotic therapy from the healthy individuals in China since its wide detection and significant enrichment in the guts of the patients. The detection of some veterinary antibiotics in human guts illustrated the potential transmission of antibiotic from the external environment to human via the food chain. The obtained results could help to better understand the influence of antibiotic therapy in shaping antibiotic reistomes and bacterial communities in Chinese individuals.

        https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0048969719356694?via%3Dihub