摘要

       在中国，由于越来越多地使用家畜粪便作为施肥手段，抗生素在农业中的普遍使用被认为是一种潜在的公共健康风险。这样做可能会增加抗生素抗性基因（ARGs）从动物到土壤和植物的转移。研究了两种主要作物（水稻和小麦）在不同施肥制度下对精氨酸的富集作用。在这里，我们对水稻和小麦种植的土壤微观结构进行了4种处理，即不施肥、矿肥、清洁（减少抗生素使用量）和肮脏（当前抗生素使用量）猪粪，以研究施肥对不同叶层中精氨酸丰度的影响。对于水稻和小麦，分别在两个施肥期后采集样本。在所有的水稻和小麦样品中，共检测到162个独特的精氨酸和5个移动遗传元素。在所有水稻和小麦样品中，与不施肥处理（P <0.001）相比，添加清洁肥料和肮脏肥料显著提高了精氨酸的丰度，尽管清洁肥料比肮脏肥料的精氨酸丰度低（P <0.001）。不同作物的ARGs种类不同，小麦样品的ARG多样性高于水稻。研究结果表明，在我国水稻、小麦等主要作物上，利用干净、肮脏的猪粪进行施肥，可能是ARGs的贮存库。

        In China, the common use of antibiotics in agriculture is recognized as a potential public health risk through the increasing use of livestock derived manure as a means of fertilization. By doing so this may increase the transfer of antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) from animals, to soils and plants. In this study two staple crops (rice and wheat) were investigated for ARG enrichment under differing fertilization regimes. Here, we applied 4 treatments, no fertilizer, mineral fertilizer, clean (reduced antibiotic practice) and dirty (current antibiotic practice) pig manure, to soil microcosms planted with either rice or wheat, to investigate fertilization effects on the abundance of ARGs in the respective phyllospheres. For both rice and wheat, samples were collected after two separate fertilization periods. In total, 162 unique ARGs and 5 mobile genetic elements (MGEs) were detected from all rice and wheat samples. The addition of both clean and dirty manure, enhanced ARG abundance significantly when compared to no fertilizer treatments (P < 0.001), though clean manure enriched ARGs to a lesser extent than dirty manure, in all rice and wheat samples (P < 0.001). The classes of ARGs recorded were different between crops, with wheat samples having a higher ARG diversity than rice. These results revealed that staple crops in China such as rice and wheat may be a reservoir for ARGs when clean and dirty pig manure is used for fertilization.

         https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0269749119303586?via%3Dihub