摘要

        制药废水往往含有大量的抗生素残留，是抗生素耐药基因（ARGs）的重要贮存库。然而，目前的制药废水处理厂（PWWTPs）对抗生素和ARGs的去除效果并不理想。在这里，我们设计了一个实验室规模的模拟反应器，包括上流式厌氧污泥床（UASB）、缺氧氧池（a/O）和四个独立的高级氧化工艺（aop），即UV、臭氧氧化、Fenton和Fenton/UV，同时从一个真实的制药废水中去除18种抗生素和10种ARGs。结果表明，该反应器在180天的运行中，所有抗生素均被完全清除。在所有处理单元中，UASB对18种抗生素的去除贡献最大（85.8±16.1%）。质量平衡结果表明，降解是去除四环素、磺胺甲恶唑和氨苄西林的主要机理（62.5-80.9%），而吸附污泥（73.9%）是去除UASB中恩诺沙星的主要机理。同时，尽管从进水到A/O单元存在部分富集（1.2-3.8个对数单位），但整个反应器的ARG绝对丰度（对数减少0.1-3.1倍）显著降低。Fenton/UV组合是去除ARGs最有效的AOP。最后，考虑到相对较低的成本和较高的ARGs去除率，提出了Fenton去除ARGs的最佳操作条件。总的来说，这项研究为设计真正的PWWTPs同时去除抗生素和ARGs提供了可行的建议。

         Pharmaceutical wastewater often contains high levels of antibiotic residues and serves as an important reservoir for antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs). However, the current pharmaceutical wastewater treatment plants (PWWTPs) were not sufficiently effective in removing antibiotics and ARGs. Here, we designed a lab-scale simulation reactor, including up-flow anaerobic sludge bed (UASB), anoxic-oxic tank (A/O), and four separate advanced oxidation processes (AOPs) i.e., UV, Ozonation, Fenton, and Fenton/UV, to simultaneously remove 18 antibiotics and 10 ARGs from a real pharmaceutical wastewater. The results showed that all antibiotics were fully eliminated through the reactor during 180 d-operation. Among all treatment units, UASB provided the greatest contribution (85.8 ± 16.1%) for the removal of 18 antibiotics. The mass balance results manifested that degradation was a predominant mechanism for the removal of tetracyclines, sulfamethoxazole, and ampicillin (62.5-80.9%), while sorption to sludge (73.9%) was predominant for enrofloxacin removal in UASB. Meanwhile, the substantial decrease of ARG absolute abundance (log reduction by 0.1-3.1 fold) through the whole reactor was observed although the existence of the partial enrichment (1.2-3.8 log units) from the influent to the A/O unit. Fenton/UV combination was the most effective AOP for the removal of ARGs. Finally, the optimum operating conditions for the removal of ARGs using Fenton was also proposed considering the relatively lower cost and high ARG elimination. Overall, this study provides feasible suggestions for the design of real PWWTPs for simultaneous removal of antibiotics and ARGs.

         https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0043-1354(19)30422-1