摘要

       本研究探讨五种ARGs（sulI，tetA，mphB，qnrD，mcr-1）和整合子（integron，intI）在分布式猪场污水净化设施和污水接收环境中的流行、排放和减少情况。研究了典型的金属抗性基因（MRGs）、病原菌指标、细菌群落和废水特性，以确定它们对ARGs命运的影响。结果表明，纯化工艺难以有效去除ARGs的流行。净化后的样品为3.1×104-7.1×108拷贝/L，其中4%-57%残留在后续的溪流及邻近土壤中。16srRNA序列分析表明，污水排放显著改变了受纳河流和土壤中的细菌群落。分子生态网络分析发现ARGs、MRGs和PBGs之间存在广泛的共生现象，有利于抗生素耐药性的传播。ARG的发生率与特定的细菌属密切相关，表明有广泛的寄主关系。冗余分析表明，废水中有机物和营养物与大部分ARGs的丰度呈正相关，与相对丰度呈负相关。实践者观点：在一个猪场废水处理系统中研究了五种ARGs和intI的去向。处理过程不能有效降低ARGs的丰度。废水中的ARGs和病原体被转移到受纳河流和土壤中。网络分析发现ARGs、金属抗性基因和病原菌之间存在广泛的共生关系。废水养分与ARGs丰度呈正相关，与相对丰度呈负相关。

       This study explores the prevalence, emission, and reduction of five ARGs (sulI, tetA, mphB, qnrD, and mcr-1) and integron (intI) through a distributed swine wastewater purification facility and the effluent-receiving environment. Typical metal resistance genes (MRGs), pathogenic bacterial indicators, the bacterial community, and wastewater properties were also explored to determine their effects on the fates of ARGs. Results indicated that the purification process could hardly effectively remove ARGs' prevalence. 3.1 × 10⁴ -7.1 × 10⁸  copies/L were present after purification, and 4%-57% of them persisted in the subsequent creek and adjacent soil. 16S rRNA sequencing suggested that the discharge of wastewater significantly changed the bacterial community in receiving creek and soil. Molecular ecological networks analysis detected the wide co-occurrence among ARGs, MRGs, and PBGs, which could further facilitate the propagation of antibiotic resistance. ARG incidence and specific bacterial genera were closely correlated, suggesting an extensive hosting relationship. Redundancy analyses showed wastewater organics and nutrients showed positive correlation to most ARGs' abundance, but negatively correlated to their relative abundance. PRACTITIONER POINTS: Fate of five ARGs and intI was studied in a swine wastewater treatment system. The treatment process could not effectively reduce ARGs' abundance. ARGs and pathogens in wastewater were transferred to the receiving creek and soil. The network analysis found wide co-occurrence among ARGs, metal resistance genes, and pathogens. Wastewater nutrients positively correlated to ARG's abundance but negatively correlated to their relative abundance.

        https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1002/wer.1125