摘要

      近年来，抗生素对环境和人类健康的潜在威胁引起了人们的极大关注。由于我国经济发展迅速，人口众多，抗生素的消费量和生产量居世界首位，可能导致我国水环境中抗生素的检出频率和浓度较高。湖泊作为一种水资源，在我国经济社会可持续发展中发挥着重要作用。了解我国湖泊抗生素的现状具有重要意义。封闭和半封闭的湖泊为抗生素和耐药基因（ARGs）的积累提供了理想的培养基。本文综述了湖泊相关环境分区抗生素暴露的现状。并对抗生素的生态和健康风险进行了评价。本文综述了我国湖泊水环境中39种抗生素的检测结果。在全球范围内，中国湖泊的抗生素污染水平相对较高。沉积物中的抗生素污染高于水和水生生物。喹诺酮类抗生素（QNs）风险最大。水生生物中抗生素的含量远远低于其最大残留限量（MRLs），洪湖生物除外。这些湖泊受到高浓度的精氨酸污染。迫切需要对精氨酸的存在和抗生素的接触进行更大的评估。

       The potential threat of antibiotics to the environment and human health has raised significant concerns in recent years. The consumption and production of antibiotics in China are the highest in the world due to its rapid economic development and huge population, possibly resulting in the high detection frequencies and concentrations of antibiotics in aquatic environments of China. As a water resource, lakes in China play an important role in sustainable economic and social development. Understanding the current state of antibiotics in lakes in China is important. Closed and semi-closed lakes provide an ideal medium for the accumulation of antibiotics and antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs). This review summarizes the current levels of antibiotic exposure in relevant environmental compartments in lakes. The ecological and health risks of antibiotics are also evaluated. This review concludes that 39 antibiotics have been detected in the aquatic environments of lakes in China. The levels of antibiotic contamination in lakes in China is relatively high on the global scale. Antibiotic contamination is higher in sediment than water and aquatic organisms. Quinolone antibiotics (QNs) pose the greatest risks. The contents of antibiotics in aquatic organisms are far lower than their maximum residual limits (MRLs), with the exception of the organisms in Honghu Lake. The lakes experience high levels of ARG contamination. A greater assessment of ARG presence and antibiotic exposure are urgent.

        https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0048969718303140?via%3Dihub