摘要

      采用高通量定量PCR结合Illumina测序和网络分析技术，对不同环境下空调过滤器中的抗生素耐药基因（ARG）进行了分析。共检测到177个ARGs，包括10种ARGs类型。医院和农场的ARGs检出率和相对丰度均显著高于城市和农村居民。与医院相比，农场有较高水平的四环素、多药、整合酶和大环内酯类抗链霉素（MLS）B基因，但β-内酰胺类抗基因水平较低。bl3-cpha基因是医院标本中最丰富的耐药基因亚型，其丰度为2.01×10-4拷贝/16s rRNA，而农场标本中仅为5.08×10-12拷贝/16srRNA。医院、农场和居民的细菌多样性差异不显著，其中以蛋白细菌最为丰富。网络分析表明，蛋白菌和放线菌可能是β-内酰胺、MLSB、氨基糖苷、多药、磺胺和四环素耐药基因的宿主。结果表明，ARGs存在于室内环境中，农场和医院是重要的污染源。本研究为了解室内环境中ARGs的分布规律和风险管理提供了有益的参考。

       High-throughput quantitative PCR combined with Illumina sequencing and network analysis were used to characterize the antibiotic resistance gene (ARG) profiles in air-conditioning filters from different environments. In total, 177 ARGs comprising 10 ARG types were determined. The detectable numbers and the relative abundance of ARGs in hospitals and farms were significantly higher than those in city and village residences. Compared to hospitals, farms had a higher level of tetracycline, multidrug, integrase, and macrolide⁻lincosamide⁻streptogramin (MLS) B resistance genes but a lower level of beta-lactam resistance genes. The bl3_cpha gene was the most abundant resistance gene subtype in hospital samples with an abundance of 2.01 × 10^-4 copies/16S rRNA, while a level of only 5.08 × 10^-12 copies/16S rRNA was observed in farm samples. There was no significant difference in bacterial diversity among the hospitals, farms, and residences, and Proteobacteria was the most abundant phylum. Network analysis revealed that Proteobacteria and Actinobacteria were possible hosts of the beta-lactam, MLSB, aminoglycoside, multidrug, sulfonamide, and tetracycline resistance genes. The results demonstrate that ARGs exist in indoor environments and that farms and hospitals are important sources. This study provides a useful reference for understanding the distribution patterns and risk management of ARGs in indoor environments.

        https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6427721/