摘要

抗生素广泛应用于人类和动物，但使用后对生态系统和人类健康的负面影响令人担忧。迄今为止，中国仍缺乏抗生素排放情况和环境归宿方面的相关信息。我们通过市场调查，数据分析和三级逸度建模工具研究了中国36种常见抗生素的全国使用量，排放量和多媒体命运。调查表明，2013年36种化学品的总用量为9.27万吨，人和动物排泄的抗生素估计有5.4万吨，最终在各种污水处理后进入环境的有5.38万吨。该逸度模型成功预测了中国58个流域的环境浓度（PECs），与一些流域测得的环境浓度（MECs）相当。发现医院和水生环境中的细菌耐药率与PECs和抗生素用量有关，特别是对于最近期使用的那些抗生素。这是中国首例表明各种抗生素的和排放情况的综合研究。
       

Antibiotics are widely used in humans and animals, but there is a big concern about their negative impacts on eco使用system and human health after use. So far there is a lack of information on emission inventory and environmental fate of antibiotics in China. We studied national consumption, emissions, and multimedia fate of 36 frequently detected antibiotics in China by market survey, data analysis, and level III fugacity modeling tools. Based on our survey, the total usage for the 36 chemicals was 92700 tons in 2013, an estimated 54000 tons of the antibiotics was excreted by human and animals, and eventually 53800 tons of them entered into the receiving environment following various wastewater treatments. The fugacity model successfully predicted environmental concentrations (PECs) in all 58 river basins of China, which are comparable to the reported measured environmental concentrations (MECs) available in some basins. The bacterial resistance rates in the hospitals and aquatic environments were found to be related to the PECs and antibiotic usages, especially for those antibiotics used in the most recent period. This is the first comprehensive study which demonstrates an alarming usage and emission of various antibiotics in China.

来源

http://pubs.acs.org/doi/abs/10.1021/acs.est.5b00729