摘要
       在过去的十年中，许多证据表明自然环境与人为环境，以及日益增长的公共卫生威胁即抗菌素耐药性有关。在环境中，特别是在受到强大人为压力的地区，水对污染物包括抗生素残留物，抗生素抗性细菌和抗生素抗性基因在内的净化和运输起着重要作用。因此，城市水循环包括取水，消毒和分配给人类使用以及废水收集，处理和输送到环境中，是追踪环境中抗生素抗性的过程并且评估环境中抗生素传播给人类的风险的有趣循环。本文综述了城市水循环不同部位对抗生素耐药性的潜在富集和扩散的相关性。根据这一分析，提出了一些知识缺口，研究需求和控制措施。还提出了建议措施背后的关键理由，并讨论了一些关键行动方的合理参与。

Over the last decade, numerous evidences have contributed to establish a link between the natural and human-impacted environments and the growing public health threat that is the antimicrobial resistance. In the environment, in particular in areas subjected to strong anthropogenic pressures, water plays a major role on the transformation and transport of contaminants including antibiotic residues, antibiotic-resistant bacteria, and antibiotic resistance genes. Therefore, the urban water cycle, comprising water abstraction, disinfection, and distribution for human consumption, and the collection, treatment, and delivery of wastewater to the environment, is a particularly interesting loop to track the fate of antibiotic resistance in the environment and to assess the risks of its transmission back to humans. In this article, the relevance of different transepts of the urban water cycle on the potential enrichment and spread of antibiotic resistance is reviewed. According to this analysis, some gaps of knowledge, research needs, and control measures are suggested. The critical rationale behind the measures suggested and the desirable involvement of some key action players is also discussed.

来源https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s00253-015-7202-0