摘要

      小型家禽养殖在发展中国家的农村社区很普遍。为了研究小规模家禽养殖在多大程度上充当了耐药性决定因素的储存库，在厄瓜多尔北部一个农村村庄，比较了接受抗生素的生产鸡和未接受抗生素的自由放养家鸡粪便样本的耐药性。采用qPCR技术，用248对引物对抗生素耐药基因（ARGs）和流动基因元件（MGEs）进行定量分析，并通过16srRNA基因测序对其结构进行分析。检测到大量ARGs（148）和MGEs（29）。生产鸡ARGs含量显著高于家鸡，平均多检测15个基因（p<0.01）。此外，生产鸡中ARGs和MGEs的含量远高于家鸡（高达157倍）。生产鸡样品的分类学多样性明显较低，并且在革兰蛋白杆菌、β蛋白杆菌和黄杆菌中更为丰富。小型家禽养殖中发现的ARGs和MGE的高度丰度和多样性与之前在大规模动物生产中发现的水平相当，表明这些鸡可以作为当地的水库，将ARGs传播到农村社区。

      Small-scale poultry farming is common in rural communities across the developing world. To examine the extent to which small-scale poultry farming serves as a reservoir for resistance determinants, the resistome of fecal samples was compared between production chickens that received antibiotics and free-ranging household chickens that received no antibiotics from a rural village in northern Ecuador. A qPCR array was used to quantify antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) and mobile genetic elements (MGEs) using 248 primer pairs; and the microbiome structure was analyzed via 16S rRNA gene sequencing. A large number of ARGs (148) and MGEs (29) were detected. The ARG richness in production chickens was significantly higher than that of household chickens with an average of 15 more genes detected ( p < 0.01). Moreover, ARGs and MGEs were much more abundant in production chickens than in household chickens (up to a 157-fold difference). Production chicken samples had significantly lower taxonomic diversity and were more abundant in Gammaproteobacteria, Betaproteobacteria, and Flavobacteria. The high abundance and diversity of ARGs and MGEs found in small-scale poultry farming was comparable to the levels previously found in large scale animal production, suggesting that these chickens could act as a local reservoir for spreading ARGs into rural communities.

       https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/acs.est.8b01667