摘要

    通过高通量定量（HT-qPCR）评价了使用MFC处理的牲畜废水（以喹诺酮类抗生素为主）中抗生素抗性基因和活动遗传元素的去除特性。结果表明，在畜禽废水中检测到了144个ARG和8个MEG。经过MFC处理后，AGR的数量整体上减少了，大环内酯-林可酰胺-链霉菌素B组（MLSB）和氨基糖苷类的相对丰度分别降低了62.7％和92.9％。 MGEs下降了57.3％，多药基因下降了90％。经过MFC处理后，原污水中四环素的绝对丰度从5.8×105拷贝L-1降至5.1。×103拷贝L-1两个数量级。但是，MFC在去除万古霉素和β-内酰胺酶基因方面效率较低。还发现氯霉素抗性基因略有增加。 Illumina测序表明，在MFC中占主导地位的是滑膜细菌和增效菌。脱硫弧菌对高浓度的莫西沙星盐酸盐具有抗性。浓度为5 mg L-1的MFC对盐酸莫西沙星的去除率为86.55％。最大功率密度和库仑效率分别为109.3 mV·cm-3和41.97％。随着抗生素浓度的增加，污水处理效率和电气性能受到抑制。这项研究表明，未经处理的牲畜废水具有基因水平转移的巨大风险。尽管MFC对高浓度喹诺酮废水的处理能力有限，但它是减少ARGs和降低水平基因转移风险的有效方法。

    The removal characteristics of antibiotic resistance genes and mobile genetic elements from livestock wastewater (dominated by quinolone antibiotics) treated with MFC were evaluated by High-throughput quantitative (HT-qPCR). The results showed that 144 ARGs and 8 MEGs were detected in the livestock wastewater. After MFC treatment, the number of AGRs decreased as a whole, and the relative abundance of macrolide-lincosamide-streptogramin group B (MLSB) and aminoglycosider decreased by 62.7% and 92.9%, respectively. MGEs decreased by 57.3% and multidrug genes decreased by 90%. After MFC treatment, the absolute abundance of tetracycline in raw sewage decreased by two orders of magnitude from 5.8 × 105 copies L−1 to 5.1.× 103 copies L−1. However, MFC was less efficient in the removal of vancomycin and beta-lactamase genes. It was also found that chloramphenicol resistance genes slightly increased. Illumina sequencing showed that Syntrophobacterales and Synergistales were predominant in MFCs. Desulfovibrio was resistant to high concentration of moxifloxacin hydrochloride. The removal efficiency of MFC for moxifloxacin hydrochloride at a concentration of 5 mg L−1 was 86.55%. The maximum power density and coulomb efficiency were 109.3 mV·cm−3 and 41.97%, respectively. With the increase of antibiotic concentration, the sewage treatment efficiency and electrical performance were inhibited. This study shows that untreated livestock wastewater had a great risk of gene horizontal transfer. Although MFC had limited treatment capacity for high-concentration quinolone wastewater, it is an effective method to reduce ARGs and the risk of horizontal gene transfer.

    https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S014765132100378X