摘要

    水产养殖中滥用抗生素的情况令人震惊，并可能加剧耐药基因在环境中的传播。整体ARGs增殖检查需要在门类水平上更深入地分析16S rRNA细菌群落中耦合的绝对丰度，以检测生物标志物。因此，将磺胺（sul）和硫酸铜II（CuSO4 II）分别设计或添加到9个重复设计的金鱼缸中，作为单独或组合处理，包括3个单独的sul，3个CuSO4 II，3个（sul ++ CuSO4 II）组合和3个在180天内控制。在qPCR下对水和鱼肠的DNA进行测序，以确定与相应的ARG共同出现的16S rRNA细菌生物标记。以0.8–1.5 mg sul + 0.5–1.0 mg的CuSO4 II / 3 L储罐水的组合化学添加量可减少鱼肠和水样中16S rRNA细菌的绝对丰度，同时描绘了生物标志物。鱼肠中全部16S rRNA细菌的绝对丰度分别高于水样（1.5××109-2.6××1015拷贝/L）（3.4××1014–4.9××108拷贝/ g）。 sul 1（log）比intl 1（log）基因占主导地位，它们的基本特征在鱼肠中也比水样更高。 Spearman的相关性分析显示，在门廊水平和物理化学参数上，两个ARG对的生物标志物之间都存在正相关（p <0.01和r = 0.873）。在鱼肠和水样比例中，拟杆菌（10–85：12–85％）>细菌杆菌（10–50：15–65％）>浮游菌（10–52：8–25％）基于LEfSe的使用而突出作为热点生物标志物，因此证明了其在创新的环境微生物学和生物技术研究方面的更高前景。

    Abuse of antibiotics in aquaculture have been alarming and might aggravate spread of resistance genes in the environment. Holistic ARGs proliferation checks require deeper analyses of coupled absolute abundances in 16S rRNA bacteria communities at the phylum level to detect biomarkers. Sulfanilamide (sul) and copper II sulfate (CuSO4 II) were, therefore, designed and added as separate or combined treatments in 9 replicate engineered goldfish tanks comprising 3 individual sul, 3 CuSO4 II, 3 (sul + CuSO4 II) combinations, and 3 controls within 180 days. The DNA from water and fish guts was sequenced under qPCR to determine 16S rRNA bacteria biomarkers co-occurring with the correspondent ARGs. Combined chemical addition at 0.8–1.5 mg sul + 0.5–1.0 mg CuSO4 II/3 L of tank waters reduced sequenced 16S rRNA bacteria absolute abundances in fish gut and water samples while portraying the biomarkers. Absolute abundances of the entire 16S rRNA bacteria was higher in fish guts (3.4 × 1014–4.9 × 108 copies/g) than water samples (1.5 × 109–2.6 × 1015 copies/L), respectively. Much as sul 1(log) were dominant over intl 1(log) genes, and their fundamental profiles were also higher in the fish guts than water samples; the Spearman’s correlation analyses revealed positive relationship (p < 0.01 and r = 0.873) among the biomarkers of both ARG pairs at the phylum level and the physicochemical parameters. In the fish gut and water samples ratios, Bacteroidetes (10–85:12–85%) > Proteobacteria (10–50:15–65%) > Planktomycetes (10–52:8–25%) featured prominently based on LEfSe use as the hot-spotted biomarkers, hence justifying its higher prospects towards innovative environmental microbiological and biotechnological studies.

    https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s11356-021-13239-4