摘要

    土壤环境中抗生素抗性基因（ARG）的日益流行对作物安全乃至公共健康构成了严重威胁。在这项研究中，在小白菜的生长期和收获后，使用不同种类的肥料研究了ARGs在土壤中的命运。结果表明，小白菜生育期土壤ARGs的增加速率依次为堆肥肥>商品肥>矿物肥。收获后，与未施肥的土壤相比，用矿物肥料，商品肥料或堆肥处理的土壤ARGs丰度分别显着增加了0.63、3.19和8.65倍（p <0.05）。堆肥处理的小白菜中的ARGs丰度明显高于矿物肥料和市售有机肥料。这些发现表明，堆肥猪粪的施用将显着增加农田土壤和植物中ARGs的污染负荷，并促进农田ARGs的扩散。主成分分析表明，细菌群落可能在小白菜的生长期对ARGs的变化有重要影响。网络分析进一步表明ARGs的变化可能主要与它们的宿主细菌（包括γ-变形杆菌，黄杆菌和芽孢杆菌）有关。研究结果为降低ARGs的传播风险和控制ARGs在农业活动中的传播提供了正确的方法和有用的信息。

    The increasing prevalence of antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) in the soil environment poses a serious threat to crop safety and even public health. In this study, the fate of ARGs in the soil was investigated during the growth period of pakchoi and after harvesting with the application of different kinds of fertilizers. The result showed that increasing rate of soil ARGs during the growth period of pakchoi followed the order of composted manure > commercial fertilizer > mineral fertilizer. After harvesting, soil ARGs abundance treated with mineral fertilizer, commercial fertilizer or composted manure significantly increased by 0.63, 3.19 and 8.65 times (p < 0.05), respectively, compared with the non-fertilized soil. The ARGs abundance in the pakchoi treated with composted manure was significantly higher than that of treatments with mineral fertilizer and commercial organic fertilizer. These findings indicated the application of composted pig manure would significantly increase the pollution load of ARGs in farmland soil and plant, and also promote the proliferation of farmland ARGs. Principal component analysis suggested that bacterial communities might have a significant influence on ARGs changes during the growth period of pakchoi. Network analysis further indicated ARGs changes may be mainly related to their host bacteria (including Gammaproteobacteria, Flavobacteriia and Bacilli). The results provided a proper method and useful information on reducing transmission risk of ARGs and control the propagation of ARGs in agricultural activities.

    https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0301479721006381