摘要

    抗生素的滥用或滥用与环境中出现抗生素抗性细菌和抗生素抗性基因（ARG）直接相关。济州岛上的大多数养鱼场都采用流水系统，该系统可以抽海水来养鱼，然后将其排放回海洋。为了调查这些养鱼场废水排放到海洋环境中的ARG的数量，我们进行了基于宏基因组的抗药性分析。我们观察到养鱼场废水中的ARGs水平高于海滩和居民区的海水中ARGs的水平。在质粒上而不是在染色体DNA上发现了更大比例的ARG，特别是对于磺酰胺和苯酚类而言。夏季和冬季之间，ARG的分布没有差异，但微生物群落却有所不同。此外，与非养鱼场样品相比，养鱼场样品含有更多的机会病原体（即弧菌，光细菌，Aliivibrio和Tenacibaculum）和致病因子。弧菌是最常发现的ARG和毒力因子宿主。由于最近海水温度上升，沿海地区弧菌的存在一直在增加。这项研究表明需要采取措施来治疗或监测在经营流通系统的养鱼场所在的沿海地区的ARG。

    The abuse or misuse of antibiotics is directly linked to the emergence of antibiotic-resistant bacteria and antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) in the environment. Most fish farms located on Jeju Island operate a flow-through system that pumps in seawater for fish farming and discharges it back to the ocean. To investigate the amount of ARGs that these fish farm effluents discharge into the marine environment, we conducted a metagenomic-based resistome analysis. We observed higher levels of ARGs in fish farm effluents than in seawater at beach and residential areas. A greater proportion of ARGs was found on plasmid rather than on chromosomal DNA, especially for sulfonamide and phenicol classes. The distribution of ARGs did not differ between summer and winter, but the microbial community did. In addition, fish farm samples contained significantly more opportunistic pathogens (i.e., Vibrio, Photobacterium, Aliivibrio, and Tenacibaculum) and virulence factors than non-fish farm samples. Vibrio was the most frequently identified host of ARGs and virulence factors. The presence of Vibrio in the coastal area has been increasing owing to the recent rise in the temperature of seawater. This study suggests the need for actions to treat or monitor ARGs in the coastal areas where fish farms operating a flow-through system are located.

    https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0269749121003444