摘要

    通过产生可燃气体和消化，厌氧消化是再利用动物粪便和农业残留物的最佳方法之一。但是，使用抗生素预防和治疗动物疾病以及因此将其残留在粪便中的浓度会将其引入厌氧消化池中。如果将消化液用作土壤肥料，抗生素残留物和/或它们相应的抗生素抗性基因（ARG）可能到达土壤生态系统。这项工作调查了三种常见的土壤新兴污染物，即磺胺甲恶唑（SMX），环丙沙星（CIP），恩诺沙星（ENR），它们的ARGs sul1，sul2，qnrS，qepA，aac-（6'）-Ib-cr和移动遗传元素intI1，在全面厌氧工厂中使用一年。通过收集输入和输出样品，根据厌氧工厂的45天水力停留时间（HRT）进行了六次采样。总体结果表明，厌氧消化过程中抗生素和ARGs均下降。尤其是，取决于采样时间，SMX最多可降级100％，ENR最多降级84％，CIP最多降级92％。以类似的方式，所有消化样品中的ARGs均显着下降（最高80％）。这项工作表明厌氧消化如何成为减少土壤中抗生素残留和ARGs的有前途的实践。

    Anaerobic digestion is one of the best ways to re-use animal manure and agricultural residues, through the production of combustible biogas and digestate. However, the use of antibiotics for preventing and treating animal diseases and, consequently, their residual concentrations in manure, could introduce them into anaerobic digesters. If the digestate is applied as a soil fertilizer, antibiotic residues and/or their corresponding antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) could reach soil ecosystems. This work investigated three common soil emerging contaminants, i.e., sulfamethoxazole (SMX), ciprofloxacin (CIP), enrofloxacin (ENR), their ARGs sul1, sul2, qnrS, qepA, aac-(6′)-Ib-cr and the mobile genetic element intI1, for one year in a full scale anaerobic plant. Six samplings were performed in line with the 45-day hydraulic retention time (HRT) of the anaerobic plant, by collecting input and output samples. The overall results show both antibiotics and ARGs decreased during the anaerobic digestion process. In particular, SMX was degraded by up to 100%, ENR up to 84% and CIP up to 92%, depending on the sampling time. In a similar way, all ARGs declined significantly (up to 80%) in the digestate samples. This work shows how anaerobic digestion can be a promising practice for lowering antibiotic residues and ARGs in soil.

    https://www.mdpi.com/2079-6382/10/5/502