摘要

    有氧与无氧条件下的抗生素抗性基因（ARGs）的持久性是未知的，尤其是在不同的施肥条件下。为了实现这一目标，在有氧和无氧条件下对化学肥料和肥料进行了微观实验。高通量qPCR用于分析具有144个引物对的ARG，并对微生物进行测序。不论施肥类型如何，在有氧和厌氧条件下土壤中观察到的ARGs完全不同。即使ARGs赋予对相同类型抗生素的抗性，其半衰期也不同。在好氧土壤中，氨基糖苷类，氯霉素，大环内酯类-林可酰胺-链霉菌素B（MLSB）和四环素抗性基因大量积累。厌氧土壤比好氧土壤具有更高的外源微生物和ARGs蕴藏能力。在有氧条件下，肥料土壤中的ARGs和移动遗传元素（MGEs）之间的相互作用比无氧条件下更为明显。这些发现表明，厌氧土壤在降低农田环境中ARGs的潜在风险方面可以发挥更积极的作用。

     The persistence of antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) under the aerobic vs. anaerobic conditions is unknown, especially under different fertilization. Towards this goal, a microcosm experiment was carried out with chemical fertilized and manured soil under aerobic and anaerobic conditions. High throughput qPCR was used to analyze ARGs with 144 primer sets and sequencing for microorganisms. Completely different dynamics of ARGs were observed in soil under aerobic and anaerobic conditions, regardless of the fertilization type. ARGs had different half-lives, even though they confer resistance to the same type of antibiotics. Aminoglycoside, chloramphenicol, macrolide - lincosamide - streptogramin B (MLSB) and tetracycline resistance genes were significantly accumulated in the aerobic soils. Anaerobic soil possessed a higher harboring capacity for exogenous microorganisms and ARGs than aerobic soil. The interaction between ARGs and mobile genetic elements (MGEs) in manured soil under aerobic condition was more pronounced than the anaerobic condition. These findings unveil that anaerobic soil could play a more positive role in reducing potential risk of ARGs in the farmland environment.

    https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0048969720372685