摘要

    元基因组学分析显示，抗生素抗性基因（ARG）广泛分布在人类相关和非人类相关的栖息地中。但是，如果没有标准方法，就很难在样品之间平均比较ARG。在这里，我们通过使用标准管道调查了55 000个细菌基因组，16000个细菌质粒序列，3000个细菌整联子序列和850个元基因组中的ARG，从而构建了生物生活树和全球生境中潜在ARG分布的全面概况。我们发现，> 80％的所有已知ARG都不由任何质粒或整合子序列携带。在潜在的移动ARG中，四环素和β-内酰胺抗性基因（例如tetA，tetM和A类β-内酰胺酶基因）分布在细菌菌门的多种病原体中，表明它们的临床相关性和重要性。我们显示1类积分（intI1）在非人类关联和人类关联的环境中与总ARGs表现出不良的线性关系。此外，总的ARGs和intI1基因都与人为程度无关。这些观察结果突出了区分高临床相关性ARG的必要性。此简介在在线平台（ARGs-OSP，http：//args-osp.herokuapp.com/）上发布，作为该领域最具挑战性主题（即ARGs的风险，演变和出现）的宝贵资源。 
Yuán jīyīnzǔ xué fēnxī xiǎnshì, kàngshēngsù kàng xìng jīyīn (ARG) guǎngfàn f

    Metagenomic analysis reveals that antibiotic-resistance genes (ARGs) are widely distributed in both human-associated and non-human-associated habitats. However, it is difficult to equally compare ARGs between samples without a standard method. Here, we constructed a comprehensive profile of the distribution of potential ARGs in bacterial tree of life and global habitats by investigating ARGs in 55 000 bacterial genomes, 16 000 bacterial plasmid sequences, 3000 bacterial integron sequences and 850 metagenomes using a standard pipeline. We found that >80% of all known ARGs are not carried by any plasmid or integron sequences. Among potential mobile ARGs, tetracycline and beta-lactam resistance genes (such as tetA, tetM and class A beta-lactamase gene) distribute in multiple pathogens across bacterial phyla, indicating their clinical relevance and importance. We showed that class 1 integrases (intI1) display a poor linear relationship with total ARGs in both non-human-associated and human-associated environments. Furthermore, both total ARGs and intI1 genes show little correlation with the degree of anthropogenicity. These observations highlight the need to differentiate ARGs of high clinical relevance. This profile is published on an online platform (ARGs-OSP, http://args-osp.herokuapp.com/) as a valuable resource for the most challenging topics in this field, i.e. the risk, evolution and emergence of ARGs.

    https://academic.oup.com/femsec/article/96/7/fiaa107/5849002?login=true