摘要

    抗生素耐药性的出现和扩散是对生态系统和人类健康的主要威胁。跨洋通道（例如船舶压载水）可以在地理上隔离的水域之间转移有害的水生生物。然而，在船舶压载水中抗生素抗性基因（ARGs）的发生及其与微生物群落和环境因素的关系仍然未知。在这项研究中，收集了从28艘航行至上海和江阴（中国）的船舶的压舱水，并对这些水样中的ARGs进行了调查。在所有压舱水样品中均检测到相当水平的ARGs和I类整合素（intI1）整合。 sul1和tetQ分别是压载水样品中最丰富和最不丰富的ARG。 ARGs与16S rRNA和intI1基因密切相关。压载水交换可以减少某些ARG的绝对丰度，同时增加几个ARG的相对丰度（例如mefA，mexF，strB，sul1和tetQ）。此外，ARG的细菌宿主通常在未交换的压载水（UEBW）和交换的压载水（EBW）中有所不同。尤其是Leisingera和unclassified_Erythrobacteraceae是EBW中与ARGs相关的主要属，而Pseudohongiella，Cycloclasticus，OM43_clade，norank_f_Rhodospirillaceae和norank_f_Rhodobacteraceae是nob_f_Rhodobacteraceae在UEBW中的主要ARGs宿主。总体而言，船用压载水是ARGs在全球范围内转移的有效运载体，因此，为减轻ARGs在整个海洋中的传播，需要对其进行充分的管理。

    The emergence and spread of antibiotic resistance are major threats to ecosystems and human health. Transoceanic channels (e.g., ship ballast water) can transfer harmful aquatic organisms across geographically isolated waters. However, the occurrence of antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) in ship ballast water and their relationship with microbial communities and environmental factors remain unknown. In this study, ballast water from 28 vessels sailing to Shanghai and Jiangyin (China) were collected, and the ARGs in these water samples were investigated. Considerable levels of ARGs and integrase of the class-I integrons (intI1) were detected in all ballast water samples. sul1 and tetQ were the most and least abundant ARGs in ballast water samples, respectively. The ARGs were strongly correlated with those of the 16S rRNA and intI1 genes. Ballast water exchange can reduce the absolute abundance of some kinds of ARGs while increasing the relative abundance of several ARGs (e.g., mefA, mexF, strB, sul1, and tetQ). Moreover, the bacterial hosts of ARGs were generally different in the unexchanged ballast water (UEBW) and exchanged ballast water (EBW). In particular, Leisingera and unclassified_Erythrobacteraceae were the main ARGs-associated genera in the EBW, while Pseudohongiella, Cycloclasticus, OM43_clade, norank_f_Rhodospirillaceae, and norank_f_Rhodobacteraceae were the dominant ARGs hosts in the UEBW. Overall, ship ballast water is an effective moving carrier for the global transference of ARGs, and its sufficient management is required for mitigating ARGs propagation across oceans.

    https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0045653520308900