摘要

    大量肥料用于温室蔬菜生产（GVP）土壤，而肥料施肥通常会导致土壤中的抗生素抗性基因（ARG）繁殖。然而，关于不同类型肥料对GVP土壤中ARGs的影响的综合研究仍是未知的，并且GVP土壤中ARGs的基线水平定量化较差。这项研究使用高通量定量PCR对GVP土壤中的ARGs进行了全面调查。我们发现施肥土壤中的ARG多样性升高和绝对丰度提高，而不同类型的肥料对土壤ARG的修正无显着差异。冗余分析表明，细菌群落组成和环境因素的变化部分促成了ARG谱的变化。双向网络分析表明，在未处理的土壤中仅检测到一个ARG，而在肥沃的土壤中仅检测到50个ARG和4个流动基因元件，这表明从肥料中引入ARGs很大程度上解释了肥料中ARG多样性的增加。通过比较肥料和非肥料土壤中ARG绝对丰度的方法，我们估算了非肥料土壤中ARG绝对丰度的典型水平，这为评估GVP土壤中的ARG污染提供了ARGs的第一个粗略基线水平。

    A large quantity of manure is applied in greenhouse vegetable production (GVP) soils, while manure fertilization often leads to the proliferation of antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) in soils. However, comprehensive study on the effects of different types of manure on ARGs in GVP soils remains unknown, and the baseline level of ARGs in GVP soil is poorly quantified. This study conducted a comprehensive survey of ARGs in GVP soils using high-throughput quantitative PCR. We found elevated ARG diversity and absolute abundance in fertilized soil, whereas no significant difference in soil ARGs amended with different types of manure. Redundancy analysis indicated that the change of bacterial community compositions and environmental factors contributed partially to the shift in ARG profiles. Bipartite network analysis indicated that one ARG was detected in non-manured soils, while 50 ARGs and 4 mobile gene elements were exclusively detected in fertilized soils, suggesting introduction of ARGs from manure into soils largely explained the increased ARG diversity in fertilized soil. By comparison of ARG absolute abundance between manured and non-manured soil, we estimated the typical level of ARG absolute abundance in non-manured soil, which provided the first rough baseline level of ARGs to assess ARG contamination in GVP soils.

    https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0304389420302557