摘要

    水生环境中的抗生素抗性基因（ARG）和抗生素引起了人们对健康的关注，尤其是在抗生素抗性的扩散和持久性方面。大型湖泊是人为投入物的捕获盆地，为了解ARGs和抗生素在淡水环境中的发生和积累提供了理想的环境。在这里，中国最大的淡水湖，阳湖位于长江流域的开发区，用于研究ARGs和抗生素的时空变化特征。结果表明，在Po阳湖地表水中检测到十二种被测ARG（sul1，sul2，sul3，tetA，tetB，tetC，tetH，tetW，tetO，tetM，qnrS和qnrB），检出频率为19.2％到100％，并且sul2和tetA基因被确定为该地区ARG污染的潜在指标。在所分析的11种抗生素中，磺胺类药物是主要抗生素，占被测抗生素总浓度的50％以上。在干旱季节，ARG和抗生素的总浓度均高于雨季。此外，地表水中的ARGs和抗生素也随采样位置而变化，在河流支流处始终如一。在ARGs和抗生素的浓度以及整倍体基因（intI1）之间还观察到正相关，表明抗生素和intI1可能在地表水中ARGs的发生和扩散中起重要作用。最后，我们的结果表明，与抗生素使用相关的密集的人为活动对Po阳湖ARGs和抗生素的发生和持续存在做出了重大贡献。

    Antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) and antibiotics in the aquatic environment raise health concerns particularly on the dispersal and persistence of antibiotic resistance. Large lakes, which serve as catch basins of anthropogenic inputs provide an ideal environment for understanding the occurrence and accumulation of ARGs and antibiotics in freshwater environments. Here, the largest freshwater lake in China, Poyang Lake, located in the developing district of Yangtze valley was used to study the characterization of the spatial and seasonal variation of both ARGs and antibiotics. Results showed that twelve tested ARGs (sul1, sul2, sul3, tetA, tetB, tetC, tetH, tetW, tetO, tetM, qnrS, and qnrB) were detected in the surface waters of Poyang Lake, with a detection frequency ranging from 19.2% to 100%, and sul2 and tetA genes were identified as potential indicators of ARG pollution in this region. Among the 11 analyzed antibiotics, sulfonamides were the predominant antibiotics with a contribution of more than 50% to the total concentrations of tested antibiotics. The total concentrations of both ARGs and antibiotics were higher in the dry season than those in the wet season. Furthermore, ARGs and antibiotics in the surface waters also varied with sampling locations, being consistently at riverine tributaries. Positive correlations were also observed between the concentrations of ARGs and antibiotics, as well as the integron gene (intI1), indicating that antibiotics and intI1 may be playing important roles in the occurrence and dispersal of ARGs in the surface waters. Lastly, our results suggest that intensive anthropogenic activities related to antibiotic usage have substantially contributed to the occurrence and persistence of ARGs and antibiotics in Poyang Lake.

    https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0147651320303821