摘要

    未经利用和处理的家庭农场畜禽粪便的随意排放给农村生态环境带来了巨大压力，严重加剧了环境污染。在这项研究中，我们针对26个家庭畜牧场，通过实时荧光定量PCR评估了中国Er海湖流域畜禽粪便及其接收农田环境中抗生素抗性基因（ARG）的发生特征。结果表明，家庭畜禽粪便中普遍存在各种常见的ARGs和一些高危ARGs（即blaampC，blaOXA-1和blaTEM-1），四环素抗性基因的污染在这些家庭畜牧场中最为严重。同时，我们还发现家庭养鸡场的ARGs水平高于养猪场和养牛场，蛋鸡和母猪废弃物中ARGs的污染分别比肉鸡废弃物和仔猪/育肥猪废弃物中的ARG更为严重。麻烦的是，可通过施肥来释放大量的ARGs，进一步导致土壤环境中ARGs的含量增加（大约11-36倍）。这项研究证明了家庭畜牧场中ARGs污染的普遍性和严重性，也强调了家庭畜禽废物是环境中ARGs不可忽视的重要污染物资源。

    The random discharge of livestock waste from family farms without utilization and treatment has caused great pressure on the rural ecological environment and gravely increased the environmental pollution. In this study, we targeted 26 family livestock farms to assess the occurrence characteristics of antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) in livestock waste and its receiving farmland environment in Erhai Lake basin of China by real-time fluorescence quantitative PCR. The results showed that various common ARGs and some high-risk ARGs (i.e., blaampC, blaOXA-1 and blaTEM-1) were prevalent in family livestock waste, and the pollution of tetracycline resistance genes was the most serious in these family livestock farms. Meanwhile, we also found that the ARG levels were higher in family chicken farms than that in pig and cattle farms, and ARGs pollution in layer waste and sow waste was more severe than that in broiler waste and piglet/fattening pig waste, respectively. Troublesomely, significant ARGs levels could be discharged via manure application, further causing the increase of ARGs abundance in soil environment (approximately 11–36 times). This study demonstrated the high prevalence and severity of ARGs contamination in family livestock farms, also emphasizing that family livestock waste was a non-ignored important pollutant resource of ARGs in the environment.

    https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0147651320304061