摘要

    抗生素抗性基因（ARGs）和抗生素抗性细菌（ARB）已成为本世纪至关重要的全球公共卫生问题。越来越多的证据表明通过空气传输存在和传播ARG。在这项研究中，分析了香港17个幼儿园的55名幼儿园儿童和附近10个土壤样本中空调过滤器灰尘（AC灰尘）和尿液样本中的ARGs和ARB。结果表明，在交流尘埃中存在16种ARG亚型和可移动遗传元件（MGE）intI1，在土壤样品中存在12种ARG亚型。表现出对磺酰胺耐药性的ARG（6.9×10−3–0.17）（表示为16 S rRNA基因的相对丰度）最丰富，其次是大环内酯类药物（1.8×10−3–3.3×10-2），sul1，sul2（ 17所幼儿园的AC尘埃中的磺酰胺，ermF（大环内酯）和intI1基因。在土壤样品中，检测到12种ARG亚型和intI1，对磺酰胺具有抗性的基因（1.6×10-3-3–2.7×10-1）是10种土壤样品中最丰富的ARG，其次是四环素（ND– 1.4×10−2）。在所有交流灰尘样品和一些尿液样品中均检测到具有sul1，sul2，intI1或tetQ的多抗细菌。根据细菌属和ARG共存网络分析，以及香港特殊的地理位置和文化环境，幼儿园中检测到的ARG可能有两个来源：β-内酰胺/大环内酯类ARG主要来自人类用药和四环素/磺酰胺主要来自其他地区的ARG和IntI1可能在ARG在香港的传播中发挥作用。香港幼稚园对交流尘埃中的ARGs进行了广泛检测，这凸显了改进管理措施的必要性。

    Antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) and antibiotic resistant bacteria (ARB) have become a critical global public health issue in this century. There is increasing evidence for the presence and transmission of ARGs by air transmission. In this research, ARGs and ARB in air conditioner filter dust (AC dust) and urine samples from 55 kindergarten children in 17 kindergartens and nearby 10 soil samples in Hong Kong were analyzed. The results showed the presence of 16 ARG subtypes and the mobile genetic element (MGE) intI1 in AC dust, and 12 ARG subtypes in the soil samples. ARGs presenting resistance to sulfonamide (6.9 × 10−3–0.17) (expressed as relative abundance of the 16 S rRNA genes) were most abundant followed by macrolides (1.8 × 10−3–3.3 × 10−2), sul1, sul2 (sulfonamide), ermF (macrolides) and intI1 genes in AC dust in 17 kindergartens. For soil samples, 12 ARG subtypes and the intI1 were detected, and the genes providing resistance to sulfonamide (1.6 × 10−3–2.7 × 10−1) were the most abundant ARGs in the 10 soil samples, followed by tetracycline (ND–1.4 × 10−2). Multi-resistant bacteria with sul1, sul2, intI1, or tetQ were detected in all AC dust samples and some urine samples. Based on bacterial genera and ARG co-occurrence network analysis and Hong Kong’s special geographical location and cultural environment, there might be two origins for the ARGs detected in the kindergartens: β-lactam/macrolide ARGs mainly derived from human medicine use and tetracycline/sulfonamide ARGs mainly from other areas, as well as IntI1 may play a role in the spread of ARGs in Hong Kong. The widely detection of ARGs in AC dust in kindergartens in Hong Kong highlights the need for the improvement of management measures.

    https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0269749119329914