摘要

    畜牧业中抗生素的过度使用是普遍的，并且被认为对动物中抗生素抗性基因（ARG）的选择有重要贡献。因此，全球都有减少农业部门抗生素使用的驱动力。但是，尚未确定在牲畜生产中减少抗生素的使用是否能有效减少ARGs的传播。使用微观方法来确定添加降低了抗生素水平或典型抗生素水平的粪肥如何影响抗生素抗性基因在土壤，earth和叶际之间的传播。与对照土壤相比，earth和叶际样品在常规肥料处理中的ARG丰度增加幅度更大（P <0.05）。与对照相比，减少的抗生素肥料还丰富了叶球和土壤中的ARGs含量，但不丰富worm（P <0.05）。在土壤和earth肠道中，减少的抗生素肥料中的ARGs富集都比常规肥料中的要低。这项研究已经确定了通过土壤-土-虫-叶圈系统的细菌转移，是在利用家畜粪肥施肥后，在各个生境之间传播ARGs的一种潜在手段。

    The overuse of antibiotics in animal husbandry is widespread and believed to significantly contribute to the selection of antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) in animals. Thus, there is a global drive to reduce antibiotic use in the agricultural sector. However, it has not been established whether a reduction in the use of antibiotics in livestock production would be effective in reducing the spread of ARGs. A microcosm approach was used to determine how the addition of manure with either reduced antibiotic levels or with typical antibiotic levels could affect the spread of antibiotic resistance genes between soil, earthworms and the phyllosphere. When compared to the control soil, earthworm and phyllosphere samples had the greater increase in ARG abundance in conventional manure treatments (P < 0.05). Reduced antibiotic manure also enriched the abundance of ARGs in the phyllosphere and soil but not earthworm guts when compared to the control (P < 0.05). In both soil and earthworm guts, the enrichment of ARGs was lower in reduced antibiotic manure than in conventional manure. This study has identified bacterial transfer through the soil-earthworm-phyllosphere system as a potential means to spread ARGs between habitats after fertilization with livestock derived manures.

    https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0160412019332969