摘要

    背景
动物粪便是抗生素抗性基因（ARG）的重要来源之一，并且是对人类构成威胁的新兴污染物。堆肥是一种常见的粪肥处理方法。堆肥对肥料中的ARGs的影响已成为近年来活跃的研究领域。在这项研究中，使用了三种常见的曝气策略来研究ARGs的去除并阐明堆肥过程中的微生物机制，即强制曝气（具有三个通风率），转堆堆肥和静态堆肥。

结果
结果表明，ARGs的变异模式高度依赖于微生物群落的演替，而环境因素占变异的44％。堆肥77天后，大多数ARG（tetW / tetO / tetH，qnrS，ermB和blaTEM）可以显着减少，但是磺酰胺抗性基因（sulI / sulII）和整合酶基因（intI）高度富集，特别是在强制曝气处理中。这些富集与放线杆菌属，变形杆菌属和拟杆菌属的属的增加以及与Fimicutes属的属的减少密切相关。

结论
在不同的曝气处理下，ARGs的时间变化是一致的。进一步的研究应集中在优化堆肥条件以减少顽固的ARGs。 

    BACKGROUND
Animal manure is one of the significant sources of antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) and an emerging pollutant that poses a threat to human beings. Composting is a common method of treating manure. The effect of composting on the ARGs in manure has become an active research area in recent years. In this study, three common aeration strategies were used to study the removal of ARGs and to clarify their microbial mechanism during composting, i.e. forced aeration (with three ventilation rates), turn windrow and static pile.

RESULTS
Results showed that the variation pattern of ARGs was highly dependent on the succession of the microbial community, and environmental factors accounted for 44% of the variation. Most ARGs (tetW/tetO/tetH, qnrS, ermB and blaTEM) could be significantly reduced after composting for 77 days, but sulfonamide resistance genes (sulI/sulII) and the integrase gene (intI) were highly enriched, particularly in forced aeration treatment. These enrichments were closely correlated with an increase in the genera belonging to Actinobacteria, Proteobacteria and Bacteroidetes and a decrease in the genera affiliated with Firmicutes.

CONCLUSIONS
The temporal variations in ARGs were consistent under different aeration treatments. Further study should focus on optimizing the composting conditions to reduce recalcitrant ARGs.

    https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1002/jctb.6097