摘要

    在现实的污染环境中，抗生素和非抗生素药物残留物的综合污染无处不在，这被认为是一种复杂的新兴污染。在本文中，高通量测序和高通量定量PCR被用于分析响应萘普生和磺胺甲恶唑污染的微生物群落和生物膜的抗生素抗性基因（ARGs）的总体变化。连续运行120天后，萘普生或/和磺胺甲恶唑被有效去除，盐度为1.00％可以提高磺胺甲恶唑的去除率。高通量测序表明，真细菌属。所有样品中的丰度都超过40.00％，并且萘普生和磺胺甲基异恶唑的综合污染更容易促进包括假单胞菌和嗜甲基菌在内的多药耐药微生物的发生。高通量定量PCR结果表明，萘普生和磺胺甲恶唑的共同污染使每个细胞的ARG总数增加到大约9个拷贝。相反，将盐度增加到1.00％会极大地将ARG的总体丰度降低到每个细菌细胞2个拷贝以下。壁炉架测试和Procrustes分析表明，来自不同处理方法的微生物组与其各自的抗生素抗药性组有紧密的联系。此外，网络分析表明，在联合治疗中，多药耐药微生物是大量增加ARGs的潜在宿主。随着盐度的增加消除了那些对多药耐药但对盐敏感的微生物，ARGs的丰度显着下降。这些结果表明，在萘普生和磺胺甲恶唑混合污染下，生物膜中ARGs的传播可能性很高，这可以通过增加盐度来缓解。

    Combined pollution of antibiotic and non-antibiotic pharmaceutical residues is ubiquitous in realistic polluted environments, which is regarded as a complicated emerging pollution. Herein, high-throughput sequencing and high-throughput quantitative PCR were applied to profile the overall changes in microbial communities and antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) of biofilms in response to a combination of naproxen and sulfamethoxazole pollution. After continuous operation for 120 days, naproxen or/and sulfamethoxazole were efficiently removed, and the salinity of 1.00% enhanced the removal rate of sulfamethoxazole. The high-throughput sequencing revealed that Eubacterium spp. with abundances of over 40.00% dominated in all samples, and combined pollution of naproxen and sulfamethoxazole more readily promoted the occurrence of multidrug-resistant microbes, including Pseudomonas and Methylophilus. The high-throughput quantitative PCR results showed that the combined pollution of naproxen and sulfamethoxazole increased the total abundance of ARGs to approximately 9 copies per cell. In contrast, increasing the salinity to 1.00% greatly reduced the overall abundance of ARGs to below 2 copies per bacterial cell. Mantel test and Procrustes analysis indicated that microbiomes from different treatments had tight links to their respective antibiotic resistomes. Furthermore, network analysis revealed that multidrug-resistant microbes were potential hosts for greatly enriched numbers of ARGs in the combined treatment. As increased salinity eliminated those multidrug-resistant but salt-sensitive microbes, the abundance of ARGs was significantly decreased. These results showed the high probability of the transmission of ARGs in biofilms exposed to combined pollution of naproxen and sulfamethoxazole, which could be relieved by increased salinity.

   https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0160412020300878