摘要

  猪粪浆的土地施用是为作物生产补充土壤养分的常见做法。这种做法可以将抗生素残留和抗生素抗性基因 (ARG) 引入环境。田间试验对于确定有效减少粪便传播的抗生素和 ARG 对环境的影响的粪便管理实践至关重要。本研究的目的是确定与降雨事件相关的猪粪施用时间如何影响地表径流和粪肥改良土壤中抗生素和 ARG 的命运和运输。将猪粪浆撒播或注入田间试验田。在施肥后 1 天、1 周、2 周或 3 周，在施肥地块上开始一组三个 30 分钟的模拟降雨事件，间隔 24 小时。结果表明，施用和降雨之间的间隔超过 2 周通常会显着降低径流中测试的抗生素和 ARGs 的水平，但 tet(X) 除外。对于来自播散地的土壤样品，在施肥后的前两周内，所测试的三种抗生素（林可霉素和泰妙菌素）中的两种的浓度显着降低。相比之下，在测试期间，土壤中测试的大多数 ARG（tet(Q)、tet(X) 和 erm(A)）的浓度没有显着变化。从研究中获得的信息有助于设计粪便管理实践，并估计因粪便施用而产生的抗生素和 ARGs 的环境负荷。

  Land application of swine manure slurry is a common practice to supplement nutrients to soil for crop production. This practice can introduce antibiotic residues and antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) into the environment. Field testing is critical in identifying manure management practices effective in minimizing the environmental impacts of manure-borne antibiotic and ARGs. The objective of this study was to determine how the timing of swine manure application relative to rainfall events impacts the fate and transport of antibiotics and ARGs in surface runoff and manure-amended soil. Swine manure slurry was either broadcast or injected on test plots in the field. A set of three 30-min simulated rainfall events, 24 h apart, were initiated on manured plots 1 day, 1 week, 2 weeks, or 3 weeks after the manure application. Results showed that an interval longer than 2 weeks between application and rainfall often significantly reduced the levels of antibiotics and ARGs tested in runoff with the exception of tet(X). For soil samples from broadcast plots, concentrations of two of the three antibiotics tested (lincomycin and tiamulin) decreased substantially in the first two weeks after manure application. In contrast, concentrations of most of the ARGs tested (tet(Q), tet(X), and erm(A)) in soil did not change significantly during the test period. Information obtained from the study can be beneficial in designing manure management practices and estimating the environmental loading of antibiotics and ARGs resulting from manure application.

  https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0048969720300139