摘要

  药物作为土壤中新出现的污染物对非目标土壤动物群中的肠道微生物群和抗生素耐药性的影响在很大程度上是难以捉摸的。在这项研究中，我们探讨了抗癫痫药物卡马西平 (CBZ) 和抗生素四环素 (TC) 暴露后细菌群落的组成和模型土壤跳虫（念珠菌）肠道中抗生素抗性基因 (ARG) 的存在。结果表明，单独或组合暴露于 TC 或 CBZ 显着改变了念珠菌的肠道群落结构，导致与异生物质代谢相关的细菌的一些富集，如节杆菌、无色杆菌、戈登菌和 Shinella。更重要的是，口服非抗生素药物 CBZ 增强了念珠菌肠道中 ARG 的丰度和多样性，尤其是β-内酰胺和多药耐药基因。我们的结果表明，念珠菌肠道中最可能的 ARG 宿主是变形杆菌和放线菌。移动遗传元件（MGEs）和 ARGs 之间的显着正相关表明 ARGs 在念珠菌肠道中传播的潜在风险。总体而言，非抗生素 CBZ 可能会干扰非目标土壤动物群（如跳虫）的肠道微生物群，从而增强 ARG 的传播。

  The effects of pharmaceuticals as emerging contaminants in soil on the gut microbiome and antibiotic resistome in nontarget soil fauna are largely elusive. In this study, we explored the composition of the bacterial community and the presence of antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) in the gut of the model soil collembolan (Folsomia candida) upon antiepileptic drug carbamazepine (CBZ) and antibiotic tetracycline (TC) exposure. Results showed that, individually or in combination, exposure to TC or CBZ significantly altered the gut community structure of F. candida, causing some enrichment of the bacteria associated with xenobiotic metabolism, such as Arthrobacter, Achromobacter, Gordonia, and Shinella. More importantly, oral exposure to the nonantibiotic drug CBZ enhanced the abundance and diversity of ARGs in the gut of F. candida, especially for the beta-lactams and multidrug resistance genes. Our results revealed that the most likely hosts of ARGs in the gut of F. candida were Proteobacteria and Actinobacteria. The significant positive correlation between mobile genetic elements (MGEs) and ARGs indicated the potential risk of ARGs transmission in the gut of F. candida. Overall, the nonantibiotic CBZ is likely to disturb the gut microbiota of nontarget soil fauna such as collembolans, thereby enhancing the dissemination of ARGs.

  https://pubs.acs.org/doi/abs/10.1021/acs.est.0c03075