摘要

   更好地了解在用雨水补给的含水层中携带抗生素抗性基因 (ARGs) 和毒力基因 (VGs) 的微生物群落的多样性和组成，对于理  解水再利用带来的潜在人类健康风险至关重要。高通量功能基因阵列用于研究三个月内从三个钻孔中提取的含水层生物膜（n = 27）中 ARG 和 VG 的流行情况。被注释为机会性病原体的细菌属，如气单胞菌、伯克霍尔德菌、假单胞菌、希瓦氏菌和弧菌，在所有生物膜中无处不在且丰富。在生物膜中检测到来自临床相关属的细菌，弯曲杆菌属、肠杆菌属、克雷伯菌属、分枝杆菌属、支原体和沙门氏菌。雨水从注入井到 P1 和 P3 钻孔的平均旅行时间分别为 260 天和 360 天。来自这些钻孔的生物膜中存在 ARGs 和 VGs 表明 ARGs 和 VGs 在含水层中的高空间运动。丰度最高的 ARG 是小的多药耐药外排泵 (SMR) 和多药外排 (Mex)，其次是 β-内酰胺酶 C 基因。 β-内酰胺酶C编码基因主要在肠杆菌科、假单胞菌科、芽孢杆菌科和红杆菌科中检测到。编码铁载体的 VGs 无处不在，包括厌氧菌素（iro 和 iuc 基因），其次是菌毛蛋白、溶血素和 III 型分泌物。典型对应分析表明，总有机碳 (TOC)、溶解有机碳 (DOC)、浊度和 Fe 浓度对携带 ARGs 和 VGs 的细菌的微生物群落结构有显着影响。地下水的提取后处理可能是谨慎的，以改善水安全并减少潜在的健康风险。

  An improved understanding of the diversity and composition of microbial communities carrying antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) and virulence genes (VGs) in aquifers recharged with stormwater is essential to comprehend potential human health risks from water reuse. A high-throughput functional gene array was used to study the prevalence of ARGs and VGs in aquifer biofilms (n = 27) taken from three boreholes over three months. Bacterial genera annotated as opportunistic pathogens such as Aeromonas, Burkholderia, Pseudomonas, Shewanella, and Vibrio were ubiquitous and abundant in all biofilms. Bacteria from clinically relevant genera, Campylobacter, Enterobacter, Klebsiella, Mycobacterium, Mycoplasma, and Salmonella were detected in biofilms. The mean travel time of stormwater from the injection well to P1 and P3 boreholes was 260 and 360 days respectively. The presence of ARGs and VGs in the biofilms from these boreholes suggest a high spatial movement of ARGs and VGs in the aquifer. The ARGs with the highest abundance were small multidrug resistance efflux pumps (SMR) and multidrug efflux (Mex) followed by β-lactamase C genes. β- lactamase C encoding genes were primarily detected in Enterobacteriaceae, Pseudomonadaceae, Bacillaceae, and Rhodobacteraceae families. The VGs encoding siderophores, including aerobactin (iro and iuc genes), followed by pilin, hemolysin, and type III secretion were ubiquitous. Canonical correspondence analysis suggested that Total Organic Carbon (TOC), Dissolved Organic Carbon (DOC), turbidity, and Fe concentration has a significant impact on the microbial community structure of bacteria carrying ARGs and VGs. Post abstraction treatment of groundwater may be prudent to improve water security and reduce potential health risks.

  https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S004313542030806X