摘要

 人们越来越关注废水处理过程中抗生素抗性基因 (ARG) 的命运及其对接收水体的潜在影响。我们假设流出物中 ARG 的数量可能与污水处理厂 (WWTP) 的规模和采样季节有关。迄今为止，只有几次尝试在流域尺度上调查上述因素的影响。因此，本研究的目的是探讨皮利卡河（9258 平方公里）流域中小型、中型和大型污水处理厂处理后的废水中 ARGs 数量的可能差异。处理后的废水对 ARGs 浓度的影响也被确定为沿着河流连续体从高地到低地段到与维斯瓦河的汇合点（342 公里）。处理后的出水在 17 个污水处理厂进行采样，4 个季节在 7 个采样点对河水进行采样。通过定量PCR分析blaTEM、tet(A)、ermF、sul1和aac(6')-Ib-cr基因、整合酶基因intI1和16S rRNA基因的浓度。测定了分析样品中的物理和化学参数和营养浓度（23 个不同的参数）。在来自小型污水处理厂的污水样品中注意到所研究基因的最高绝对浓度（p < 0.01）。 ARGs（基因拷贝数/mL）的浓度在冬季和春季样本中达到峰值（p < 0.04）。统计分析结果表明，在小型污水处理厂中，在常规水分析中，可以根据生化需氧量预测 ARGs 的绝对浓度。然而，所研究的参数均不支持对大中型污水处理厂或河水中 ARG 丰度的预测。

  There is a growing concern about the fate of antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) during wastewater treatment and their potential impacts on the receiving water bodies. We hypothesised that the quantity of ARGs in effluents may be related to the size of wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) and sampling season. To date, only several attempts have been made to investigate the impact of the above factors at the catchment scale. Therefore, the goal of the present study was to explore possible differences in the quantity of ARGs in treated wastewater from small, medium-sized and large WWTPs in the catchment of the Pilica River (9258 km2). The impact of treated wastewater on the concentration of ARGs was also determined along the river continuum from upland to lowland segments to the point of confluence with the Vistula (342 km).

Treated effluent was sampled in 17 WWTPs, and river water was sampled in 7 sampling sites in four seasons. The concentrations of blaTEM, tet(A), ermF, sul1 and aac(6′)-Ib-cr genes, the integrase gene intI1 and the 16S rRNA gene were analysed by quantitative PCR. The physical and chemical parameters and nutrient concentrations (23 various parameters) in the analysed samples were determined. The highest absolute concentrations of the studied genes were noted in effluent samples from small WWTPs (p < 0.01). The concentration of ARGs (gene copies/mL) peaked in winter and spring samples (p < 0.04). The results of statistical analyses indicate that in small WWTPs, the absolute concentration of ARGs can be predicted based on the biochemical oxygen demand, in routine water analyses. However, none of the studied parameters supported predictions of ARG abundance in medium-sized and large WWTPs or in river water.

  https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0048969720339887