摘要

  抗菌素耐药性的出现在全世界引起了严重的公共卫生问题。近年来，水生生态系统被认为是抗生素抗性细菌和抗生素抗性基因 (ARG) 的储存库。使用分子生物学方法在德国的喀斯特泉 (Gallusquelle) 评估了 11 种 ARGs 的流行率，它们对六种抗生素类别（β-内酰胺类、氨基糖苷类、四环素、大环内酯类、甲氧苄啶和磺胺类）具有活性。此外，还测定了人、马、鸡和牛特有的粪便指示菌 (FIB)、浊度、电导率、弹簧放电和微生物源跟踪标记。最常检测到的 ARG 是 ermB (42.1%)、tet(C) (40.8%)、sul2 (39.5%) 和 sul1 (36.8%)，它们分别编码对大环内酯类、四环素和磺胺类药物的抗性。大雨事件后，泉水中 FIB 的增加与 ARG 和人类特定微生物源跟踪 (MST) 标记的增加有关。微生物参数确定的相关性，在这些参数增加前几天观察到的合流下水道溢流池的溢流，以及先前研究的结果表明，距离泉水 9 公里的这个小流域的溢流可能是影响岩溶泉水质的一个因素。我们的研究结果为最大限度地减少粪便污染和 ARGs 进入岩溶泉提供了科学依据。

  The emergence of antimicrobial resistances causes serious public health concerns worldwide. In recent years, the aquatic ecosystem has been recognized as a reservoir for antibiotic-resistant bacteria and antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs). The prevalence of 11 ARGs, active against six antibiotic classes (β-lactams, aminoglycosides, tetracycline, macrolides, trimethoprim, and sulfonamides), was evaluated at a karst spring (Gallusquelle) in Germany, using molecular biological methods. In addition, fecal indicator bacteria (FIB), turbidity, electrical conductivity, spring discharge, and microbial source tracking markers specific for human, horse, chicken, and cow were determined. The ARGs most frequently detected were ermB (42.1%), tet(C) (40.8%), sul2 (39.5%), and sul1 (36.8%), which code for resistance to macrolides, tetracycline and sulfonamides, respectively. After a heavy rain event, the increase in FIB in the spring water was associated with the increase in ARGs and human-specific microbial source tracking (MST) markers. The determined correlations of the microbiological parameters, the observed overflow of a combined sewer overflow basin a few days before the increase of these parameters, and the findings of previous studies indicate that the overflow of this undersized basin located 9 km away from the spring could be a factor affecting the water quality of the karst spring. Our results provide a scientific basis for minimization of the input of fecal pollution and thus ARGs into the karst spring.

  https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0048969720340511