摘要

  世界范围内已检测到含有不同抗菌素耐药基因 (ARG) 的多重耐药菌。质粒介导的粘菌素抗性基因（mcr 样）和从动物分离的细菌中的其他 ARG 的关联是世界范围内的一个巨大问题。因此，本研究旨在调查动物园样本中 mcr 样基因和临床相关 ARG 以及质粒的存在。从动物园收集粪便和环境（土壤和水）样本，并提取可培养的需氧细菌的 DNA。通过 PCR 筛选 ARG，并使用基于 PCR 的复制子分型方法检测质粒。来自 27 个 ARG [mcr-1、mcr-3、mcr-7.1、blaCTX-M-Gp1、blaCTX-M-Gp2、blaCTX-M-Gp9、blaVEB、blaPER、blaCMY、tetA、tetB、tetC 的总共 74 个扩增子, aadA, aac(6')-Ib, aph(3')-Ia, ant(2'')-Ia, qnrA, qnrB, qnrS, oqxA, oqxB, sul1, sul2, sul3, cmlA, mefAE, ermB]和 21 个来自 8 个质粒家族（IncY、ColE-like、IncFrepB、IncFIA、IncFIB、IncHI1、IncFIC、IncP）的扩增子被检测到。这些发现强化了动物园作为临床相关 ARGs 的储存库，包括 mcr 样，并提请注意动物园的监测研究。因此，据我们所知，这是动物园环境样本中 mcr-1、mcr-3 和 mcr-7.1 世界的第一份报告。

  Multidrug-resistant bacteria harboring different antimicrobial resistance genes (ARGs) have been detected worldwide. The association of plasmid-mediated colistin resistance genes (mcr-like) and other ARGs in bacteria isolated from animals is a huge concern worldwide. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the presence of mcr-like genes and clinically relevant ARGs as well as plasmids in samples from a zoo. Fecal and environmental (soil and water) samples were collected from a zoo and the DNA of cultivable aerobic bacteria was extracted. ARGs were screened by PCR and the plasmids were detected using the PCR-based replicon typing method. A total of 74 amplicons from 27 ARGs [mcr-1, mcr-3, mcr-7.1, blaCTX-M-Gp1, blaCTX-M-Gp2, blaCTX-M-Gp9, blaVEB, blaPER, blaCMY, tetA, tetB, tetC, aadA, aac(6′)-Ib, aph(3′)-Ia, ant(2′')-Ia, qnrA, qnrB, qnrS, oqxA, oqxB, sul1, sul2, sul3, cmlA, mefAE, ermB] and 21 amplicons from eight plasmid families (IncY, ColE-like, IncFrepB, IncFIA, IncFIB, IncHI1, IncFIC, IncP) were detected. These findings reinforce that the zoo acts as a reservoir of clinically relevant ARGs, including mcr-like, and call attention to the monitoring studies in the zoo. Therefore, to the best of our knowledge, this is the first report of the world of mcr-1, mcr-3 and mcr-7.1 in environmental samples from the zoo.

  https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007%2Fs00203-020-01890-3