摘要

  动物粪便施肥是一种传统的农业做法，可能对土壤生态系统产生不利影响。然而，动物粪便施肥对蔬菜的副作用研究较少。在这里，我们选择了一个养猪村进行调查，与附近没有养猪的村庄进行比较。在养猪村，农民使用未经处理的猪粪和废水作为蔬菜种植的肥料。在参考村，农民主要使用商品有机肥。本研究的目的是评估未经处理的猪粪施肥对土壤和蔬菜在抗生素、抗生素抗性基因 (ARG) 和细菌微生物群落方面的影响。结果表明，未经处理的猪粪施肥会导致抗生素和 ARG 污染，并改变土壤中的微生物群落组成。检测到各种四环素和相关的抗性基因，特别是在猪废水处理过的土壤中。土壤质量受细菌丰度和微生物地球化学功能的影响。 Proteobacteria 和 Bacteroidetes 普遍存在并且与土壤中的 ARG 呈正相关，表明它们是潜在的抗生素抗性细菌。两个村庄的蔬菜中均检测到抗生素和ARGs。猪养殖村的部分蔬菜样品中ARGs的丰度相对高于参考村。此外，与ARGs呈正相关的细胞内寄生虫立克次体在猪农村的部分蔬菜中普遍存在，表明食用受污染的蔬菜存在健康风险。这项研究的结果表明，未经处理的猪粪不仅可能对农业土壤造成不利影响，还会对相关蔬菜造成不利影响。

  Animal waste fertilization is a traditional agricultural practice, which may have adverse effects to soil ecosystem. However, the side-effects of animal waste fertilization on vegetables are less studied. Here we selected a swine farming village for investigation with a nearby village without swine farming as comparison. In the swine farming village, the farmers use untreated swine manure and wastewater as fertilizers for vegetable cultivation. In the reference village, the farmers mainly use commercial organic fertilizers. The objective of this study is to assess the impacts of untreated swine waste fertilization on both soils and vegetables in terms of antibiotics, antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) and bacterial microbial communities. The results indicate that untreated swine waste fertilization caused both antibiotic and ARG contaminations and changed the microbial community compositions in the soils. Varieties of tetracyclines and related resistance genes were detected especially in swine wastewater treated soils. The soil quality was impacted with the relations to bacterial abundances and microbial geochemical functions. Proteobacteria and Bacteroidetes were prevalent and positively correlated to ARGs in soils, indicating they were potential antibiotic resistant bacteria. Antibiotics and ARGs were detected in vegetables of both villages. The abundances of ARGs were relatively higher in some vegetable samples of the swine farming village than the reference village. In addition, intracellular parasites Rickettsiales with positive correlation to ARGs were prevalent in some vegetables of swine farming village, indicating potential health risks through eating contaminated vegetables. The results of this study suggest that untreated swine wastes may cause adverse effects to not only agricultural soils but also associated vegetables.

   https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0048969720340043