摘要

       抗生素耐药性 (AR) 在全球范围内对人类健康构成威胁。这些年来，人们对 AR 的传播、传播和演化进行了深入研究。随着AR的发展，几乎所有的环境系统和基质中都检测到了抗生素抗性细菌（ARB）和抗生素抗性基因（ARGs）。在此，我们试图总结 ARB/ARGs 在进入水环境时如何变得持久，并进一步参与地球化学过程，特别是在光照射下的天然矿物界面。在这个过程中，细菌有不同形式的转化，进入受胁迫或非受胁迫状态。它们的存在形式将多种多样，包括失活、瞬时耐受和持久性表型，这使得 AR 问题变得顽固和复杂。此外，在裸ARGs扩散到水中后，ARB和ARGs的分离进一步加剧了AR问题的复杂性，水作为ARGs的储存库并为它们在细菌之间的转移奠定了基础。此外，获得ARGs介导的质粒甚至会给细菌带来一些优势或劣势，使问题变得更加复杂和不可控。为了使 AR 得到控制，了解 ARB/ARGs 如何参与环境地球化学转化的机制以及 AR 持久性发生的机制至关重要。了解 AR 持久性的重要性不仅是正确评估其风险的关键，也是严重阻止 AR 持续发展的关键。

       The antibiotic resistance (AR) is a threatening risk for human health at a global scale. The propagation, dissemination and evolution of AR have been well-studied these years. With development of AR, the antibiotic-resistance bacteria (ARB) and antibiotic-resistance genes (ARGs) have been detected in almost all environmental systems and matrices. Herein, we attempted to summarize how ARB/ARGs become persist when they enter water environments and further be involved in geochemical processes especially at the interface of natural mineral with light irradiation. During the processes, bacteria have different form of transformation and come into stressed or non-stressed states. Their existed forms will be varied including being inactivated, transient tolerance and persistence phenotypes, which make AR problem become stubborn and complicated. Besides, separation of ARB and ARGs further intensified complexity of AR problem after naked ARGs diffusing into water, which acted as reservoir of ARGs and set stage for their transfer between bacteria. Furthermore, acquisition of ARGs mediated plasmid could even bring some advantages or disadvantage to bacteria, making problem more complex and uncontrollable. To enable AR under control, it is critical to understand the mechanism how ARB/ARGs participate in environmental geochemical transformation and in what condition that AR persistence happen. Understanding ponderance of AR persistence is not only key to properly assess its risk, but also to seriously prevent the continued development of AR.

https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/10643389.2021.1877062