摘要

       抗生素抗性组的概念是在十多年前引入的，从那时起，就进行了积极的抗性组研究。在本研究中，我们描述了先前建立的耐药组概念，其中包括所有类型的抗生素抗性基因 (ARG)，以及考虑到这一概念的每个 One-Health 部门的重要发现，从而强调 One-Health理解 ARG 传输的方法。尖端的研究方法对于破译人类、动物和环境微生物组中复杂的抵抗组结构至关重要。基于近期多个 One-Health 领域的抗性组研究成果，提出了未来抗性组研究的方向，以提高对 ARG 传播的理解和控制：（1）对关键 ARGs 及其宿主进行排序； (2) 了解 One-Health 部门接口处的 ARG 传输； (3) 识别影响 ARGs 出现、传播和进化的选择压力； (4) 阐明允许生物体克服 ARG 传播中的分类障碍的机制。

       The concept of the antibiotic resistome was introduced just over a decade ago, and since then, active resistome studies have been conducted. In the present study, we describe the previously established concept of the resistome, which encompasses all types of antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs), and the important findings from each One-Health sector considering this concept, thereby emphasizing the significance of the One-Health approach in understanding ARG transmission. Cutting-edge research methodologies are essential for deciphering the complex resistome structure in the microbiomes of humans, animals, and the environment. Based on the recent achievements of resistome studies in multiple One-Health sectors, future directions for resistome research have been suggested to improve the understanding and control of ARG transmission: (1) ranking the critical ARGs and their hosts; (2) understanding ARG transmission at the interfaces of One-Health sectors; (3) identifying selective pressures affecting the emergence, transmission, and evolution of ARGs; and (4) elucidating the mechanisms that allow an organism to overcome taxonomic barriers in ARG transmission.

https://www.nature.com/articles/s12276-021-00569-z