摘要

       使用抗生素根除微生物病原体的一个矛盾结果是在各种环境中出现了大量具有抗药性的微生物。这些耐药基因在不同环境中的传播以及多重耐药表型的出现，加剧了环境微生物不可避免地对几乎所有临床可用抗生素产生耐药性的担忧。在这里，我们提供了对从北京特大城市的医院、住宅区和森林公园以及云南省的森林深处收集的 16 个土壤样本的微生物组和抵抗组的宏基因组学见解。使用 Illumina HiSeq 测序，我们研究了宏基因组鸟枪读数中的微生物多样性，并从这些样本中鉴定了 486 个抗生素抗性基因 (ARG)，分为 30 种类型，其中多药抗性基因最为丰富。我们的研究结果为来自大城市和深林的土壤样品的微生物抗生素抗性组提供了重要参考和直接比较，并扩展了我们对 ARG 在现代城市和自然环境中传播的理解。

       A paradoxical result of using antibiotics to eradicate microbial pathogens is the emergence of a vast number of resistant microbes in various environments. The concern that environmental microbes will inevitably become resistant to virtually every clinically usable antibiotics has been exacerbated by the spread of these resistance genes across different environments and the emergence of multidrug resistant phenotypes. Here, we provide metagenomic insights into the microbiomes and resistomes of 16 soil samples collected from hospitals, residential areas, and forest parks in the megacity of Beijing and deep forests in the Yunnan province. Using Illumina HiSeq sequencing, we investigated the microbial diversity within the metagenomic shotgun reads and identified 486 antibiotic-resistant genes (ARGs) classified into 30 types from these samples, among which multidrug resistance genes were the most abundant. Our results present an important reference and direct comparison of microbial antibiotic resistomes of soil samples from a megacity and deep forests and extend our understanding of the spread of ARGs in modern urban and natural environments.

https://sfamjournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1111/1758-2229.12942