摘要

       “新兴污染物”(EC) 主要是未受管制的人为化学物质，它们以痕量浓度存在于空气、土壤、水、食物和人类/动物组织中。 ECs 在环境中持久存在，能够扰乱目标受体的生理机能，因此，近年来被视为新出现的环境问题的污染物。 EC 的主要类别包括药物和个人护理产品 (PCP)、表面活性剂、增塑剂、杀虫剂、阻燃剂和纳米材料。一些对内分泌系统有有害影响的 ECs 已被认为是内分泌干扰化学品 (EDCs)。自 1990 年代以来，已经对 ECs 的环境发生、归宿、生态效应和处理技术进行了深入的研究。然而，对 EC 去除技术的综合总结是有限的，尤其是在废水处理厂 (WWTP) 中。尽管污水处理厂在去除 ECs 方面效率低下，但它们是阻止 ECs 传播的主要障碍。因此，本文回顾了目前用于污水处理厂去除 ECs 的处理技术，以进一步升级现有设计。本综述的结果表明，ECs 的归宿和分布可以根据物理化学特性进行近似估计，例如辛醇-水分配系数（例如，log KOW > 4，最大吸附潜力）和固水分配系数 [例如，Kd < 300 –500 L/kg MLSS（混合液悬浮固体），对污泥的吸附微不足道]。 EC 的生物降解潜力可以通过生物降解常数值进行预测（例如，Kbio < 0.01 = 低生物降解和 >10 = 高生物降解）。在污水处理厂中，在一级、二级和三级处理步骤中，EC 去除效率分别在 20-50%、30-70% 和 >90% 的范围内变化。三级处理技术被认为是最适合 ECs 处理的替代方法，但尚未实现完全去除 ECs。毫无疑问，未来需要进一步改进处理技术。

       The “emerging contaminants” (ECs) are predominantly unregulated anthropogenic chemicals that occur in air, soil, water, food, and human/animal tissues in trace concentrations. The ECs are persistent in the environment, capable of perturbing the physiology of target receptors and, therefore, are regarded as contaminants of emerging environmental concerns in recent years. The prominent classes of ECs include pharmaceuticals and personal care products (PCPs), surfactants, plasticizers, pesticides, fire retardants, and nanomaterials. Some of the ECs with harmful effects on endocrine systems have been recognized as endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDCs). Since the 1990s intensive research has been done covering environmental occurrence, fate, ecological effects, and treatment technologies of ECs. However, a comprehensive summary of the EC removal techniques, particularly in wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) are limited. Though the WWTPs are inefficient when it comes to ECs removal, they act as primary barriers against the spread of ECs. Therefore, this paper reviews the treatment technologies currently engaged for ECs removal in WWTPs for further possible upgrades of the existing designs. Results of this review indicate that the fate and distribution of ECs can be approximately estimated based on physicochemical properties like octanol-water partitioning coefficient (e.g., log KOW > 4, maximum sorption potential) and solid-water distribution coefficient [e.g., Kd < 300–500 L/kg MLSS (mixed liquor suspended solids), insignificant sorption into sludge]. Biodegradation potential of ECs can be predicted from biodegradation constant values (e.g., Kbio < 0.01 = low biodegradation and >10 = high biodegradation). In WWTPs, the EC removal efficiency varies in the range of 20–50%, 30–70%, and >90% during the primary, secondary, and tertiary treatment steps, respectively. Tertiary treatment technologies are considered as the most suitable alternatives for ECs treatment, but complete ECs removal is yet to be achieved. Further advancements in the treatment technologies will unquestionably be necessary in the future.

https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0048969720355194