摘要

       不断扩大的抗生素耐药性危机要求更深入地了解抗菌素耐药基因 (ARG) 在原始环境中的重要性。因此，我们研究了与泥炭藓相关的微生物组，它们在未驯化的、进化的旧沼泽生态系统中形成了主要植被。在我们对来自欧洲不同地理位置的培养物保藏中心、宏基因组数据和 fosmid 文库的补充分析中，我们确定了一个低丰度但高度多样化的耐药决定因素库，其目标范围出乎意料地广泛，包括天然和合成化合物在内的 29 种抗生素。这源于异常高丰度的外排泵（高达 96%），以及所有主要抗性机制背后出乎意料的多功能 ARG。在细菌分离株中经常观察到多重耐药性，例如在 Serratia、Rouxiella、Pandoraea、Paraburkholderia 和 Pseudomonas 中。在寻找新的 ARG 时，我们鉴定了新的 A 类 β-内酰胺酶 Mm3。由高度多样化且部分新颖的 ARG 组成的天然泥炭藓抵抗组有助于沼泽生态系统的可塑性。我们的结果加强了自然和临床相关抗性组之间的生态联系，从而从原始植物的角度阐明了这种联系。此外，他们强调，多样化的抗性组是植物相关微生物群落的内在特征，它们自然具有许多抗性，包括具有潜在临床相关性的基因。

       The expanding antibiotic resistance crisis calls for a more in depth understanding of the importance of antimicrobial resistance genes (ARGs) in pristine environments. We, therefore, studied the microbiome associated with Sphagnum moss forming the main vegetation in undomesticated, evolutionary old bog ecosystems. In our complementary analysis of culture collections, metagenomic data and a fosmid library from different geographic sites in Europe, we identified a low abundant but highly diverse pool of resistance determinants, which targets an unexpectedly broad range of 29 antibiotics including natural and synthetic compounds. This derives both, from the extraordinarily high abundance of efflux pumps (up to 96%), and the unexpectedly versatile set of ARGs underlying all major resistance mechanisms. Multi-resistance was frequently observed among bacterial isolates, e.g. in Serratia, Rouxiella, Pandoraea, Paraburkholderia and Pseudomonas. In a search for novel ARGs, we identified the new class A β-lactamase Mm3. The native Sphagnum resistome comprising a highly diversified and partially novel set of ARGs contributes to the bog ecosystem´s plasticity. Our results reinforce the ecological link between natural and clinically relevant resistomes and thereby shed light onto this link from the aspect of pristine plants. Moreover, they underline that diverse resistomes are an intrinsic characteristic of plant-associated microbial communities, they naturally harbour many resistances including genes with potential clinical relevance.
https://www.nature.com/articles/s41396-020-00822-9