摘要

       海水养殖沉积物中的抗生素抗性基因 (ARG) 具有从环境细菌转移到人类病原体的能力，对公众健康构成潜在风险。从长远来看，这可能会降低病原体在医疗环境中对抗生素的敏感性。近年来，由于其环境和经济效益，多物种混养已成为中国流行的海水养殖方式。然而，单培养和多培养系统之间微生物群落和抗生素抗性组的差异仍不清楚。在这项研究中，使用宏基因组学研究了对虾单培养和多培养系统中整个（微生物 DNA）和移动（质粒和噬菌体）ARG 的微生物群落组成和概况。与单一养殖系统相比，在对虾混养池塘中，几种病毒和人类病原体的丰度有所增加。相比之下，与单一培养方法相比，来自混合培养系统的沉积物具有较低的多样性和 ARG 丰度。这些 ARG 变异主要与可移动的遗传元件有关。对虾海水养殖活动对质粒中的 ARG 具有独特的选择性，并且这种选择性不受培养方法的影响。这项研究的结果对于选择海水养殖系统以防止 ARGs 污染具有重要意义。

       Antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) in mariculture sediments pose a potential risk to public health due to their ability to transfer from environmental bacteria to human pathogens. Long term, this may reduce pathogen susceptibility to antibiotics in medical settings. In recent years, the poly-culture of multiple species has become a popular mariculture approach in China, thanks to its environmental and economic benefits. However, differences in microbial communities and antibiotic resistome between mono- and poly-culture systems are still unclear. In this study, microbial community composition and profiles of entire (microbial DNA) and mobile (plasmid and phage) ARGs in prawn mono- and poly-culture systems were investigated using metagenomics. The abundance of several viruses and human pathogens were enhanced in prawn poly-culture ponds, when compared to monoculture systems. In contrast, sediments from poly-culture systems had a lower diversity and ARG abundance when compared to mono-culture approaches. These ARG variations were predominantly related to mobile genetic elements. Prawn mariculture activities exerted a unique selectivity for ARGs in plasmids, and this selectivity was not influenced by culture methods. The findings of this study have important implications for the selection of mariculture systems in preventing pollution with ARGs.

https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0147651320311477