摘要

       抗微生物药物耐药性是一个全球性的公共卫生问题，沙门氏菌中的耐药基因，尤其是那些位于可移动遗传元件上的基因，是问题的一部分。本研究使用表型和基因组方法在从尼日利亚家禽获得的沙门氏菌分离物中鉴定抗菌素耐药性和耐药基因，以及携带它们的质粒。测试了 74 种分离株对 11 种常用抗菌剂的敏感性。质粒重建和抗性和毒力基因的鉴定是使用与质粒提取并行的计算机方法使用基因组草图进行的。观察到最多的是对环丙沙星 (50.0%)、庆大霉素 (48.6%)、萘啶酸 (79.7%)、磺胺类 (71.6%) 和四环素 (59.5%) 的表型耐药性。在基因组中检测到的抗生素抗性基因 (ARG) 与这些观察结果非常吻合。除了 gyrA 和 parC 基因中的点突变外，常见的 ARG 包括 sul1、sul2、sul3、tet (A)、tet (M)、qnrS1、qnrB19 和各种氨基糖苷类修饰基因。预测多个 ARG 位于 S. Schwarzengrund 和 S. Muenster 的 IncN 和 IncQ1 质粒上，并且大多数 qnrB19 基因由 Col (pHAD28) 质粒携带。 72% (19/24) 的 S. Kentucky 菌株携带多药 ARG，位于沙门氏菌基因组岛 I 的两个不同变体中。大多数菌株携带完整的 SPI-1 和 SPI-2 岛，表明具有完全的毒力潜力。

       Antimicrobial resistance is a global public health concern, and resistance genes in Salmonella, especially those located on mobile genetic elements, are part of the problem. This study used phenotypic and genomic methods to identify antimicrobial resistance and resistance genes, as well as the plasmids that bear them, in Salmonella isolates obtained from poultry in Nigeria. Seventy-four isolates were tested for susceptibility to eleven commonly used antimicrobials. Plasmid reconstruction and identification of resistance and virulence genes were performed with a draft genome using in silico approaches in parallel with plasmid extraction. Phenotypic resistance to ciprofloxacin (50.0%), gentamicin (48.6%), nalidixic acid (79.7%), sulphonamides (71.6%) and tetracycline (59.5%) was the most observed. Antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) detected in genomes corresponded well with these observations. Commonly observed ARGs included sul1, sul2, sul3, tet (A), tet (M), qnrS1, qnrB19 and a variety of aminoglycoside-modifying genes, in addition to point mutations in the gyrA and parC genes. Multiple ARGs were predicted to be located on IncN and IncQ1 plasmids of S. Schwarzengrund and S. Muenster, and most qnrB19 genes were carried by Col (pHAD28) plasmids. Seventy-two percent (19/24) of S. Kentucky strains carried multidrug ARGs located in two distinct variants of Salmonella genomic island I. The majority of strains carried full SPI-1 and SPI-2 islands, suggesting full virulence potential.

https://www.mdpi.com/2079-6382/10/2/99