摘要

       养殖场通常被认为是抗生素抗性基因 (ARG) 的主要来源，ARG 是环境中对人类健康有潜在影响的新兴污染物。本研究调查了中国南方广东省从猪粪到接收环境（土壤和水）的三种类型的九种 ARG 的发生和污染概况。所有 ARG 均出现在 100% 的猪粪样品中。此外，总 ARGs 的绝对浓度从 3.01×108 到 7.18×1014 拷贝/g 不等，显着高于废水和肥料土壤（p<0.05）。从ARGs在猪粪、废水和粪肥中的分布特征来看，四环素抗性基因tetO占优势。猪粪中的ARGs在保育期之后的猪生长期间相对稳定。 ARG 浓度在施肥和未施肥土壤之间没有显着差异（p>0.05）。然而，ARGs（ermB、qnrS、acc(6')-Ib、tetM、tetO 和 tetQ）的数量减少但并未被废水处理组件消除（p<0.05）。根据相关性分析，猪粪中的四环素抗性基因 tetQ 和 tetW 以及废水中的大环内酯抗性基因 ermB 和 ermF 在作为肥料施用时比其他 ARG 更容易扩散到土壤中。因此，应建立ARGs的有效清除和标准允许环境水平，以控制ARGs在环境中传播的风险。

       Livestock farms are commonly regarded as the main sources of antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs), emerging pollutants with potential implications for human health, in the environment. This study investigated the occurrence and contamination profiles of nine ARGs of three types from swine manure to receiving environments (soil and water) in Guangdong Province, southern China. All ARGs occurred in 100% of swine manure samples. Moreover, the absolute concentration of total ARGs varied from 3.01 × 108 to 7.18 × 1014 copies/g, which was significantly higher than that in wastewater and manured soil (p < 0.05). Regarding the distribution characteristics of ARGs in swine manure, wastewater and manured soil, the tetracycline resistance gene tetO was predominant. ARGs in swine manure were relatively stable among swine growth periods after the nursery period. The ARG concentration did not differ significantly between manured and unmanured soil (p > 0.05). However, the number of ARGs (ermB, qnrS, acc(6′)-Ib, tetM, tetO and tetQ) decreased but were not eliminated by wastewater treatment components (p < 0.05). Based on correlation analysis, the tetracycline resistance genes tetQ and tetW in swine manure and the macrolide resistance genes ermB and ermF in wastewater were more easily spread than were other ARGs onto soil when the substances were applied as fertilizers. Therefore, effective removal and a standard permissible environmental level of ARGs should be established to control the risk of spreading ARGs in the environment.

https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0147651319301733