摘要

       塑料在近海和深海以前所未有的规模积累。微生物群落已经在塑料圈定殖，塑料圈已成为抗生素和金属抗性基因（ARGs 和 MRGs）的储存库。这是首次分析 ARGs 和 MRGs 的多样性、丰度和共存，以及它们在微生物群落中的关系，使用从国家生物技术信息中心获得的在北太平洋环流中观察到的塑料颗粒的宏基因组数据序列阅读存档数据库。塑料上微生物群落中 ARGs 和 MRGs 的丰度分别在 7.07×10-4–1.21×10-2 和 5.51×10-3–4.82×10-2 拷贝/16S rRNA 的范围内。通过单向方差分析，塑料微生物群中的香农-维纳指数和 ARGs 和 MRGs 的丰富度均显着大于北太平洋环流海水微生物群中的 ARGs 和 MRGs。多药耐药基因和多金属耐药基因是塑料微生物群中检测到的主要基因类别。巨塑料生物群和微塑料生物群之间ARGs和MRGs的丰度或多样性没有显着差异，表明粒径对抗性基因没有影响。 Procrustes 分析表明微生物群落组成是 ARG 谱的决定因素，但不是 MRG 的决定因素。一些 ARGs 和 MRGs 的非随机共现发生率更高，这表明选择抗生素或金属抗性的共同效应是影响微生物群对塑料颗粒抗性的重要因素。

       Plastics have been accumulated offshore and in the deep oceans at an unprecedented scale. Microbial communities have colonized the plastisphere, which has become a reservoir for both antibiotic and metal resistance genes (ARGs and MRGs). This is the first analysis of the diversity, abundance, and co-occurrence of ARGs and MRGs, and their relationships within the microbial community, using metagenomic data of plastic particles observed in the North Pacific Gyre obtained from the National Centre for Biotechnology Information Sequence Read Archive database. The abundance of ARGs and MRGs in microbial communities on the plastics were in the ranges 7.07 × 10−4–1.21 × 10−2 and 5.51 × 10−3–4.82 × 10−2 copies per 16S rRNA, respectively. Both the Shannon-Wiener indices and richness of ARGs and MRGs in plastics microbiota were significantly greater than those of ARGs and MRGs in seawater microbiota in the North Pacific Gyre via one-way analysis of variance. Multidrug resistance genes and multi-metal resistance genes were the main classes of genes detected in plastic microbiota. There were no significant differences in the abundance or diversity of ARGs and MRGs between macroplastics biota and microplastics biota, indicating that particle size had no effect on resistance genes. Procrustes analysis suggested that microbial community composition was the determining factor of the ARG profile but not for MRG. Some ARGs and MRGs had a higher incidence of non-random co-occurrence, suggesting that the co-effects of selection for antibiotic or metal resistance are important factors influencing the resistome of the microbiota on the plastic particles.

https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0160412018319822