摘要

       细菌产生的抗生素耐药性是对全球健康的重大威胁。抗生素抗性基因（ARGs）通过多种传播途径在不同的细菌种群中传播，包括由噬菌体介导的水平基因转移。噬菌体携带的 ARGs 被认为是由于它们在环境中的长期持久性、快速的复制速度和感染不同的细菌宿主。几项采用 qPCR 和病毒宏基因组学的研究表明，病毒临床和环境样本中的分数和病毒序列读数携带许多 ARG。然而，只有少数在由宏基因组读数组装的病毒重叠群中发现了 ARG，其中大多数基因缺乏有效的抗生素耐药表型。然而，由于病毒宏基因组学的广泛应用，在从不同环境获得的病毒宏基因组中不断发现不同类别的 ARG。因此，由噬菌体编码的 ARG 的存在和功能仍有待讨论。
       Antibiotic resistance developed by bacteria is a significant threat to global health. Antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) spread across different bacterial populations through multiple dissemination routes,including horizontal gene transfer mediated by bacteriophages. ARGs carried by bacteriophages are considered especially threatening due to their prolonged persistence in the environment, fast replication rates, and ability to infect diverse bacterial hosts. Several studies employing qPCR and viral metagenomics have shown that viral fraction and viral sequence reads in clinical and environmental samples carry many ARGs. However, only a few ARGs have been found in viral contigs assembled from metagenome reads, with most of these genes lacking effective antibiotic resistance phenotypes. Owing to the wide application of viral metagenomics, nevertheless,different classes of ARGs are being continuously found in viral metagenomes acquired from diverse environments.As such, the presence and functionality of ARGs encoded by bacteriophages remain up for debate.

https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1186/s40168-020-00863-4.pdf